鏈卞鑼冿紙1905鈥?996錛夛紝鏇劇敤鍚嶆湵灞忓畨錛屾皯闈╀富瑕佸垱濮嬩漢涔嬩竴錛屽巻浠繪皯闈╃涓�銆佷笁灞婁腑澶父濮旓紝絎洓銆佷簲銆佸叚灞婁腑澶壇涓誨腑錛岀涓冨眾涓ぎ涓誨腑錛岀鍏眾鍚嶈獕涓誨腑銆?
鏈卞鑼冩槸榪戜唬涓浗鍔沖伐榪愬姩鐨勯琚栵紝钁楀悕鐨勬斂娌繪椿鍔ㄥ錛屼負(fù)涓浗宸ヤ細(xì)鐨勫洟緇撱�佺粺涓�鍜岃蛋鍚戜笘鐣屽仛鍑轟簡(jiǎn)閲嶅ぇ璐＄尞錛涙湵瀛﹁寖鏄澃鍑虹殑鐖卞浗姘戜富浜哄＋錛屼粬縐瀬鍒涘緩姘戦潻錛屾嫢鎶や腑鍥藉叡浜у厷鐨勯瀵鹼紝涓哄琺鍥哄拰鍙戝睍鐖卞浗緇熶竴鎴樼嚎銆佸潥鎸佸拰瀹屽杽涓浗鍏變駭鍏氶瀵肩殑澶氬厷鍚堜綔鍜屾斂娌誨崗鍟嗗埗搴﹀仛鍑轟簡(jiǎn)涓嶆噲鐨勫姫鍔涳紱鏈卞鑼冩槸鏂頒腑鍥芥垚绔嬪悗棣栦換涓崕浜烘皯鍏卞拰鍥介偖鐢?shù)閮ㄧ殑閮ㄩ暱锛屼负鍒涘缓鏂颁腑鍥界殑閭數(shù)浜嬩笟鍋氬囖Z簡(jiǎn)鍗撹秺璐＄尞銆?
涓浗鍔沖伐榪愬姩鐨勯潚騫撮琚?
1905騫達(dá)紙娓呭厜緇笁鍗佷竴騫達(dá)級(jí)6鏈?2鏃ワ紙鍐滃巻浜旀湀鍒濆崄錛夛紝鏈卞鑼冨嚭鐢熶簬涓婃搗鑰佸寳闂ㄥ煄綰㈡ˉ闄勮繎鐨勪竴鎴峰鏈辯殑鑱屽憳瀹朵腑銆傜埗浜插彨鏈卞灞憋紝鏈卞鑼冩帓琛岀涓冿紝鍙栦鉤鍚嶄負(fù)鈥滀竷瀹樷�濄�傚鍚嶄負(fù)鏈卞睆瀹夈�?911騫達(dá)紝6宀佺殑鏈卞鑼冨紑濮嬩笂瀛﹁涔︺�?919騫粹�滀簲鍥涒�濈埍鍥借繍鍔ㄧ儓鐏噧鍒頒笂嫻峰悗錛屽彧鏈?5宀佺殑鏈卞鑼冨拰鍚屽浠弬鍔犱簡(jiǎn)瀛︽牎緇勭粐鐨勬紨璁插拰鎶靛埗鏃ヨ揣榪愬姩銆?921騫翠粬鍦ㄦ暚涓氬皬瀛﹂珮灝忛儴姣曚笟鍚庯紝榪涜櫣鍙ｅ崡嫻旇礬鍦ｈ姵嫻庡鍫傝浜?jiǎn)涓�騫翠笁涓湀鐨勮嫳鏂囥�?
鏈卞鑼冧粠灝忓氨鎰熷彈鍒頒笂嫻峰伐浜虹殑鑻﹂毦鐢熸椿鍜屽笣鍥戒富涔変鏡鐣ヨ�呭涓浗浜烘皯鐨勬鍘嬶紝鍦ㄥ績(jī)鍧庨噷鍩嬩笅浜?jiǎn)瀵瑰笣鍥戒钢M箟鍘嬭揩銆佸墺鍓婁腑鍥藉姵宸ョ殑鎲庢仺銆傚湪浠?7宀侀偅騫達(dá)紝鐢變簬鐖朵翰鏈卞灞卞凡澶變笟錛屽涓粡嫻庣姸鍐佃秺鏉ヨ秺鍥伴毦錛屼粬涓嶅緱涓嶈緧瀛﹀綋浜?jiǎn)涓�鍚嶅伐浜恒�備粎浠呭共浜?jiǎn)涓�騫村錛屽氨绱緱鍚愯錛岀粨鏋滆澶栧浗鑰佹澘瑙ｉ泧銆?924騫達(dá)紝浠栧弬鍔犱簡(jiǎn)涓婃搗閭眬鎷涘伐鑰冭瘯錛岃褰曞彇錛屾垚涓轟竴鍚嶉偖鍔＄敓銆傛湵瀛﹁寖铏界劧鎹т笂浜?jiǎn)鈥滈搧楗鈥濓紝浣嗗湪閭斂緋葷粺錛屼粬榪涗竴姝ョ湅鍒頒簡(jiǎn)甯濆浗涓諱箟鍔垮姏鍦ㄤ腑鍥界殑妯鏃犲繉銆備粬绔嬪織瑕佷負(fù)鑻﹂毦鐨勪腑鍥藉伐浜鴻皨姹傜鍒╋紝浜夊彇鏉冪泭銆?
1925騫?鏈堬紝涓婃搗鐖嗗彂浜?jiǎn)铇桨鐑堢儓鐨勨�滀簲鍗呪�濆弽甯濈埍鍥借繍鍔ㄣ�傛湵瀛﹁寖縐瀬鍙備笌鍜岀粍緇囬偖鍔″伐浜虹殑緗㈠伐鏂椾簤銆傚湪榪欎竴榪囩▼涓粬緇撹瘑浜?jiǎn)鎸囨尌杩欏満鏂椾簤鐨勫伐錆h榪愬姩棰嗗浜烘潕绔嬩笁銆備粠姝わ紝鏈卞鑼冨紑濮嬩簡(jiǎn)浠庝簨宸ヤ漢榪愬姩鐨勭敓娑�傚湪涓浗鍏變駭鍏氱殑棰嗗涓嬶紝涓婃搗宸ヤ漢浠?926騫?0鏈堝埌1927騫?鏈堝厛鍚庡彂鍔ㄤ笁嬈℃瑁呰搗涔夈�傛湵瀛﹁寖鍜屽叾浠栭偖鍔″伐浜轟竴璧鳳紝縐瀬鎶曞叆浜?jiǎn)钃v涔夋枟浜夛紝騫舵渶緇堝彇寰椾簡(jiǎn)鑳滃埄銆?
澶ч潻鍛藉け璐ュ悗錛屽伐浜鴻繍鍔ㄩ伃鍒版瀬澶х殑鎽ф畫(huà)錛屼笂嫻風(fēng)緗╁湪涓�鐗囩櫧鑹叉亹鎬栦箣涓�傛湵瀛﹁寖鍦ㄨ翰榪囦簡(jiǎn)椋庡０涔嬪悗錛屼粛鐣欏湪閭眬宸ヤ綔銆傚湪鐧借壊鎭愭�栦笅錛屼負(fù)浜?jiǎn)鏇村ソ鍦熬l勭粐宸ヤ細(xì)錛屼繚鎶ゅ伐浜哄埄鐩婏紝鏈卞鑼冧簬1928騫村姞鍏ヤ簡(jiǎn)涓浗鍥芥皯鍏氥�?932騫達(dá)紝鏈卞鑼冨弬涓庡彂璧風(fēng)粍緇囧叏鍥介偖鍔℃�誨伐浼?xì)锛岃鎺ㄩ�変負(fù)絳瑰浼?xì)甯稿姟濮斿憳銆傜濮斾細(xì)鍘熷畾浜?鏈?5鏃ワ紝鍦ㄤ笂嫻峰彫寮�鍏ㄥ浗閭姟鎬誨伐浼?xì)鎴愮珛澶т細(xì)銆傚洜鍥芥皯鏀垮簻鐨勯樆鎸狅紝鏀逛負(fù)浜?鏈?5鏃ュ湪鍗椾含涓捐鍏ㄥ浗鍚勫湴閭姟宸ヤ細(xì)鑱斿腑璋堣瘽浼?xì)銆傛湵瀛﹁寖浣滀負(fù)涓婃搗閭姟宸ヤ細(xì)鐨勪唬琛紝鍙傚姞浜?jiǎn)浼?xì)璁茍琚�変負(fù)鎵у浼?xì)甯稿姟濮斿憳銆傚叏鍥介偖鍔″伐浼?xì)湄?fù)緇存姢閭伐鐨勫埄鐩婃浘榪涜緗㈠伐鏂椾簤錛屽茍鍙栧緱浜?jiǎn)鑳滃埄銆?
鈥滀竴?浜屽叓鈥濇窞娌姉鎴樼垎鍙戝悗錛屾湵瀛﹁寖緇勭粐涓婃搗閭眬宸ヤ漢鏀彺鎶楁垬錛屽茍緇勫緩浜?jiǎn)鎶楁棩鏁戝浗鑱斿悎浼?xì)錛屾垚绔嬮偖宸ョ瀛愬啗鎴樺湴鏈嶅姟鍥紝榪樼粍緇囦簡(jiǎn)涓婃搗閭伐鏁戞姢闃燂紝鑷換闃熼暱錛岀洿灞炰腑鍥界孩鍗佸瓧浼?xì)棰嗗{�備笢鍖楀湴鍖鴻鏃ュ啗鍗犻鍚庯紝褰撳湴閭伐綰風(fēng)悍榪佸埌鍏沖唴錛屽緱鍒頒簡(jiǎn)鍚勫湴閭眬鐨勫畨緗�傛湵瀛﹁寖榪樹(shù)唬琛ㄥ叏鍥介偖鍔℃�誨伐浼?xì)瀵逛粬浠瑯q涜浜?jiǎn)鎱伴棶銆?933騫達(dá)紝鏈卞鑼冨悓璧墊爲(wèi)澹般�佹槗紺煎鍦ㄤ笂嫻峰伐浜恒�佸簵鍛樹(shù)腑寮�濮嬬粍緇囦竴涓姉鏃ユ晳鍥界殑鍥綋鈥滃媷榪涢槦鈥濄�傛湵瀛﹁寖鑷繁鎷呬換鍕囪繘闃熼槦闀褲�傚悓鏃跺垱寤轟簡(jiǎn)鍕囪繘鍗婃湀鍒婃潅蹇椼�傚媷榪涢槦鐨勪富瑕佹椿鍔紝闄や簡(jiǎn)騫蟲(chóng)椂榪涜鏁欒偛鍜屽啗浜嬭緇冨錛岃繕縐瀬鍙傚姞銆佹敮鎸佷簡(jiǎn)鏃ユ湰綰卞巶宸ヤ漢澶х艦宸ャ�?
娣炴勃鎶楁垬緇撴潫鍚庯紝鏈卞鑼冩媴浠諱簡(jiǎn)涓婃搗甯?jìng)鎬誨伐浼?xì)涓诲腑锛岒q跺垱鍔炲ぇ鍏�氳紺撅紝涓撻棬閲囪緗㈠伐娑堟伅銆佸伐浼?xì)娲诲姩锛屾瘡鏃ュ彂甯冨叧浜庡伐錆h榪愬姩鐨勯�氳紼褲�?936騫村厓鏃︼紝鏈卞鑼冨湪銆婄敵鎶ャ�嬪彂琛ㄤ簡(jiǎn)涓�綃囨枃绔犫�斺�斺�斻�婁腑鍥藉姵宸ヨ繍鍔ㄤ箣鍓嶉�斻�嬶紝璁や負(fù)鈥滄垜浠姵鍔ㄩ樁綰э紝鍦ㄥ浗瀹舵棤浜嬩箣縐嬶紝鏄珯鍦ㄦ皯鏃忓伐涓氱殑鍓嶇嚎錛屼互涓庤祫鏈富涔夎�呭鏂楋紝鑰屼負(fù)鍙戝睍鍥芥皯緇忔祹涔嬪墠閿嬶紱涓�鍒頒簡(jiǎn)鍥藉闈炲父鏃墮棿錛屾垜浠張绔欏湪姘戞棌鐨勫墠綰匡紝浠ヤ笌甯濆浗涓諱箟鑰呭鏂楋紝鑰屼負(fù)澶嶅叴姘戞棌涔嬪ぇ浼楅泦鍥⑩�濄�?
鍥介檯鍔沖伐澶т細(xì)鐨勪腑鍥戒唬琛?
1936騫?鏈堬紝鏈卞鑼冨弬鍔犱簡(jiǎn)絎簩鍗佸眾鍥介檯鍔沖伐澶т細(xì)銆傞殢鍚庡簲閭�(gè)鍦ㄨ帿鏂榪涜浜?jiǎn)璁块棶鍙傝銆傝繖嬈″弬瑙傦紝鑻忚仈宸ヤ漢闃剁駭鐨勭敓媧繪儏鍐靛拰鍔沖姩鐑儏錛岀粰浜?jiǎn)浠栨繁鍒荤殑鍗拌薄銆?
1937騫?鏈堬紝鍥介檯鍔沖伐緇勭粐鍦ㄧ編鍥藉崕鐩涢】涓捐綰虹粐宸ヤ笟浼?xì)璁Q堝嵆絎簩鍗佷簩灞婂浗闄呭姵宸ュぇ浼?xì)锛?jí)銆?鏈堬紝鍦ㄦ棩鍐呯摝鍙紑絎簩鍗佷笁灞婂浗闄呭姵宸ュぇ浼?xì)锛屽浗姘戝厷鏀垮簻娲炬湵瀛﹁寖鍑哄腑杩欎袱涓細(xì)璁�傜敱浜庢湵瀛﹁寖鍦?936騫寸浜屽崄灞婂浗闄呭姵宸ュぇ浼?xì)涓婄殑娲诲姩锛屽湪鍥介檯涓婂彈鍒板ソ璇勫Q屽浗姘戝厷鏀垮簻璁や負(fù)璁╂湵瀛﹁寖鍐嶅害鍑哄腑澶т細(xì)錛屼漢鍦頒袱鐔燂紝榪樺彲涓嶅啀媧懼厖褰撶炕璇戠殑浜猴紝鐪佹帀涓�絎斿姹囥�備負(fù)浜?jiǎn)鍑哄腑鐫h緇囧伐涓氫細(xì)璁紝鏈卞鑼冨湪浼?xì)鍓嶅涓浗鐨劸U虹粐宸ヤ漢鐨勫澧冨仛浜?jiǎn)缁嗚嚧鐨勮皟鏌ョ爺绌躲�?
1937騫?鏈?8鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冧粠涓婃搗涔樿疆鑸瑰墠寰�緹庡浗銆?鏈?鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冨嚭甯簡(jiǎn)鍥介檯綰虹粐宸ヤ笟浼?xì)璁Q屽湪澶т細(xì)涓婂彂浜?jiǎn)瑷�錛岀潃閲嶆寚鍑洪樆紕嶄腑鍥界漢緇囧伐浜烘敼鍠勫姵鍔ㄦ潯浠剁殑鍘熷洜銆傛湵瀛﹁寖鐨勫彂璦�錛屼嬌鍥介檯鍔沖伐鐣屽垵姝ヤ簡(jiǎn)瑙ｅ埌涓浗綰虹粐宸ヤ漢鎭跺姡鐨勫伐浣滄潯浠跺拰寰杽鐨勫伐璧勬敹鍏ョ殑鎯呭喌銆?
鍦ㄥ浗闄呯漢緇囧伐涓氫細(xì)璁粨鏉熷悗錛屾湵瀛﹁寖鍦ㄧ編鍥借繘琛屼簡(jiǎn)鍙傝璁塊棶銆傚湪鍗庣洓欏匡紝鏈卞鑼冭闂簡(jiǎn)緹庡浗鐓ょ熆宸ヤ細(xì)涓誨腑綰︾堪錛岀綏緇存柉鍜屼粬鐨勫紵寮熺埍?絎?緗楃淮鏂�傝闂簡(jiǎn)緹庡浗鍔寵仈涓誨腑緇存灄?鏍兼灄鍜屼駭鑱斾富甯彶绔嬫鄲?鑾幈銆傝繖涓変釜宸ヤ細(xì)鏄編鍥藉伐浼?xì)涓殑鍙版煴锛屾湁寰堝ぇ鏉冨姏銆傚湪綰界害錛屾湵瀛﹁寖璁塊棶浜?jiǎn)濡囧ハx(chóng)垚�,。宸ヤ�?xì)涓诲腑鍕冧鸡鍊嶏紝濂歸櫔鏈卞弬瑙備簡(jiǎn)宸ヤ漢璇婄枟鎵�鍜屼紤鍏繪墍銆傝繕璁塊棶浜?jiǎn)鎿v鍛樺伐浼?xì)涓诲腑鏌鸡銆傚湪璐瑰煄錛屾湵瀛﹁寖璁塊棶浜?jiǎn)鐫h緇囧伐浼?xì)涓诲腑遄I灝?dāng)鑾?緇達(dá)紝鍙傝浜?jiǎn)涓�浜涘伐浜虹殑紱忓埄浜嬩笟銆傚湪鍙傝璁塊棶涓紝緇欐湵瀛﹁寖涓�涓緝娣辯殑鍗拌薄錛屽氨鏄編鍥界粍緇囧伐浼?xì)鐨勮嚜鐢卞拰瀹冨湪绀句細(xì)涓婃湁鐫�寰堥珮鐨勫湴浣嶃�傛湵瀛﹁寖鐢辨浜х敓浜?jiǎn)涓�涓己鐑堢殑鎰挎湜錛屼腑鍥藉伐浜哄繀欏繪湁緇勭粐宸ヤ細(xì)鐨勮嚜鐢憋紝瑕佺粍緇囧叏鍥芥�х殑浜т笟宸ヤ細(xì)銆佽亴涓氬伐浼?xì)鍜屽伐浼?xì)鑱斿悎浼?xì)锛屼娇宸ヤ細(xì)鎴愪负绀句細(xì)涓婄殑涓�鑲″己澶х殑鍔涢噺銆傚湪緹庡浗錛屾湵瀛﹁寖榪樻嫓璁夸簡(jiǎn)緹庡浗鍏變駭鍏氫富甯櫧鍔沖痙絳変漢錛屽茍鍚戜粬浠嬬粛浜?jiǎn)涓浗鍔冲伐杩愬姩鍜屼腑鍥芥姉鎴樼殑鎯呭嘃c(diǎn)�?
鍚屽勾6鏈堬紝鏈卞鑼冧粠緹庡浗鍒版棩鍐呯摝鍑哄腑絎簩鍗佷笁灞婂浗闄呭姵宸ュぇ浼?xì)銆傚湪榪欏眾澶т細(xì)涓婏紝鏈卞鑼冭璇嗕簡(jiǎn)娉曞浗鎬誨伐浼?xì)鍓功璁板紬鎷夊晢銆佷腹楹︽�誨伐浼?xì)涓诲腑瑭箣偖銆佺憺鍏告�誨伐浼?xì)涓诲腑瀹夊句h．銆佺編鍥介┈钀ㄨ濉炲窞鍔沖伐鑱斿悎浼?xì)鍙稿簱鐡︾壒绛夋柊鏈嬪弸銆?
鍥介檯鍔沖伐澶т細(xì)鍦ㄦ甯告儏鍐典笅鏄瘡騫翠婦琛屼竴嬈★紝鏈卞鑼冭繛緇嚭甯?936騫村拰1937騫寸殑澶т細(xì)錛屽緱鍒頒簡(jiǎn)鍚勫浗鍔沖伐浠ｈ〃鐨勬敮鎸侊紝鍦ㄧ浜屽崄涓夊眾澶т細(xì)涓婅閫変負(fù)鍥介檯鍔沖伐緇勭粐鐞嗕簨浼?xì)鍊欒ˉ鐞嗕簨錛屾垚涓轟腑鍥界涓�涓閫変婦榪涚悊浜嬩細(xì)鐨勫姵鏂逛唬琛ㄣ�?
涓浗宸ヤ漢鍥㈢粨鎶楁垬鐨勭粍緇囪�?
1937騫村崲娌熸ˉ浜嬪彉鍙戠敓鏃訛紝鏈卞鑼冩鍦ㄨ繑鍥介�斾腑銆傚湪浠庨┈璧涘惎紼嬬殑閭疆涓婂惉鍒頒簡(jiǎn)钂嬩粙鐭沖湪搴愬北鍙戣〃鐨勮皥璇濓紝蹇?jī)鎯呴潪甯笅葊鍔ㄣ�傚綋鏃訛紝杞埞鐨勯鍘呴噷錛屽師鏉ュ畨鎺掓湵瀛﹁寖鍚屾棩鏈箻瀹㈠悓妗岋紝鏈卞氨鍚戦鍘呬富綆℃彁鍑猴紝鏃ユ湰宸叉垚涓轟腑鍥界殑鏁屽浗錛屾垜涓嶆効鍚屾晫鍥界殑浜哄潗鍦ㄤ竴璧峰悆楗�備簬鏄紝涓葷灝卞畨鎺掓湵瀛﹁寖鍦ㄥ彟涓�涓瀛愮敤槨愩�?鏈?鏃ワ紝鍒拌揪涓婃搗鍚庯紝鏈卞鑼冨氨閫氳繃鏉滄湀絎欑瓑浜猴紝寮�濮嬬粍寤哄伐浜烘姉鏃ユ瑁呪�斺�斺�斿埆鍔ㄩ槦銆備粬浜茶嚜鎷呬換浜?jiǎn)鍒姩闃熃W笁闃熼槦闀匡紝榪涜鎶楁棩鐨勬瑁呮枟浜夈�備笂嫻峰け瀹堝悗錛屾湵瀛﹁寖紱誨紑涓婃搗鍒拌揪棣欐腐銆?
1938騫?鏈?鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冧粠棣欐腐鍓嶅線姝︽眽錛岀粍緇囧伐浜鴻繘琛屾姉鏃ユ枟浜夈�備粬鍏堝悗浼?xì)瑙佷簡(jiǎn)鍛ㄦ仼鏉ャ�佸緪鐗圭珛絳変腑鍏變唬琛紝騫朵笌闄曠敇瀹佽竟鍖烘�誨伐浼?xì)浠ｈ〃寤栦技鍏墭q涜浜?jiǎn)鎺ヨЕ锛屼粬璧炴垚寤栨彁鍑虹殑鍏卞悓绛瑰涓浗宸ヤ汉鎶楁晫鎬諱細(xì)鐨勪富寮犮�傜敱浜庡浗姘戝厷褰撳眬鐨勯樆鎸狅紝涓浗宸ヤ漢鎶楁晫鎬諱細(xì)鏈兘鎴愮珛銆傝櫧鐒跺姝わ紝涓浗宸ヤ漢鎶楁晫鎬諱細(xì)絳瑰浼?xì)瀛樺湪鐨剺q戜袱涓湀錛屼負(fù)鎶楁棩鎴樹(shù)簤鏃舵湡鍥藉叡涓ゅ厷宸ヤ細(xì)鐨勫叕寮�鍚堜綔榪堝嚭浜?jiǎn)鍙枩鐨劷W竴姝ワ紝涓轟粖鍚庡叏鍥藉伐浜洪樁綰х殑緇熶竴鍥㈢粨錛屼簤鍙栨垚绔嬪叏鍥藉伐浜哄洟浣撶殑棰嗗鏈烘瀯錛屽瀹氫簡(jiǎn)涓�涓熀紜�銆?
1938騫?鏈?鏃ワ紝絎簩鍗佸洓灞婂浗闄呭姵宸ュぇ浼?xì)鍦ㄦ棩鍐呯摝鏂板缓鍥介檯鑱旂洘澶у帵浼?xì)璁巺寮�騫曪紝鏈卞鑼冧負(fù)鍔蟲(chóng)柟浠ｈ〃鍑哄腑浼?xì)璁�傛湵瀛﹁寖鍦ㄤ細(xì)涓婂綋閫変負(fù)鎻愭瀹℃煡濮斿憳?shù)細(xì)濮斿憳銆?
姝︽眽澶卞畧鍚庯紝涓浗鍔沖姩鍗忎細(xì)浜?938騫?鏈堜粠姝︽眽榪佸埌閲嶅簡(jiǎn)銆傚湪涔?jié)閬撳彛绉熶竴闂存埧瀛愪綔鍔炲叕瀹わ紝涓ゅ悕宸ヤ綔浜哄憳錛岄潬鍥芥皯鍏氱ぞ浼?xì)閮ㄦ嫧缁欎负鏁板緢灏戠殑涓�鐐圭粡璐癸紝鍊熶互緇存寔銆?
1939騫?鏈?鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冧粛浠ヤ腑鍥藉姵宸ヤ唬琛ㄧ殑韜喚鍑哄腑浜?jiǎn)绗簩鍗佷簲灞婂浗闄呭姏_伐澶т細(xì)銆備粬鍦ㄤ細(xì)涓婂彂琛ㄤ簡(jiǎn)婕旇錛屽緱鍒頒簡(jiǎn)鍚勫浗浠ｈ〃鐨勫悓鎯呭拰鏀寔錛屾棩鍐呯摝鍜岃嫳銆佹硶鐨勬姤綰擱兘浣滀簡(jiǎn)鎶ラ亾錛岃タ嬈т漢澹紑濮嬮噸瑙嗕腑鍥界殑鎶楁棩鎴樹(shù)簤銆傛湵瀛﹁寖鍦ㄨ繖嬈″ぇ浼?xì)涓婃彁鍑轰袱涓彁妗堝Q屼竴涓槸鍛煎悂涓栫晫宸ヤ漢涓�璧鋒姷鍒舵棩鏈揣鍜岀艦榪愬啗闇�鐢ㄥ搧鍒版棩鏈�傚彟涓�涓槸璇峰浗闄呭姵宸ュ眬璋冩煡涓浗娌﹂櫡鍖哄伐浜虹殑鑻﹂毦鎯呭喌鍏浜庝紬銆傚ぇ浼?xì)瀵逛腑鍥芥拨闄峰尯宸ヤ汉鐨勮嫤闅炬儏鍐靛Q岃〃紺哄悓鎯呫�傚氨瀹珷鑰岃█錛屽浗闄呭姵宸ュぇ浼?xì)搴旇矗鏃犳梺璐峰Q岃繘琛岃皟鏌ャ�備絾鏄浗闄呭姵宸ュ眬璐熻矗浜鴻涓轟腑鍥芥撥闄峰尯鏄湪鏃ユ湰鍐涢槦鍗犻涔嬩笅錛岃�屾棩鏈凡閫�鍑哄浗闄呭姵宸ョ粍緇囷紝鏃犳硶榪涜浜ゆ秹錛屾墍浠ュ墠寰�璋冩煡錛屼簨瀹炰笂闅句互鍋氬埌銆傚洜姝ゅ姖鍛婃湵瀛﹁寖鑷姩鎾ゅ洖姝ゆ銆傛湵瀛﹁寖涓洪【鍏ㄥ浗闄呭姵宸ョ粍緇囩殑澶勫錛屾挙鍥炰簡(jiǎn)姝ゆ錛屼負(fù)姝ゅ彂琛ㄤ簡(jiǎn)涓�涓０鏄庯細(xì)鎾ゅ洖姝ゆ錛屽茍闈為粯璁ゆ棩鏈啗闃熺殑鏆磋錛屼繚鐣欏皢鏉ュ啀鎻愬嚭姝ゆ鐨勬潈鍒┿�?
1939騫?鏈堬紝鏈卞鑼冨嚭甯鍏眾鍥介檯宸ヨ仈浠ｈ〃澶т細(xì)鍜岀浜屽崄浜斿眾鍥介檯鍔沖伐澶т細(xì)鍚庤繑鍥為噸搴?jiǎn)銆備腑鍥藉叡浜у厷寤虹珛鎶楁棩姘戞棌緇熶竴鎴樼嚎鐨勫彿鍙拰瀹炵幇鍏ㄥ浗宸ヤ漢闃剁駭鍥㈢粨緇熶竴鐨勪富寮狅紝瀵逛粬鍙戠敓寰堝ぇ褰卞搷銆傚湪閲嶅簡(jiǎn)錛屾湵瀛﹁寖閫氳繃寮犳檽姊呬笌鍛ㄦ仼鏉ョ害濂藉埌綰㈠博鍏礬鍐涘姙浜嬪浼?xì)鏅ゃ�傚湪浼?xì)璋堟椨灱屾湵瀛﹁寖鎻愬嚭锛屽湪宸ヤ細(xì)鐨勫浗闄厠z誨姩涓紝涓浗鍔沖姩鍗忎細(xì)搴旇鍚岄檿鐢樺畞杈瑰尯鎬誨伐浼?xì)鍚堜綔銆傚懆鎭╂潵琛ㄧず錛岃繖鏍峰緢濂斤紝鎴戞潵鍚戦檿鐢樺畞杈瑰尯鎬誨伐浼?xì)寰忚锛屽姞鍏ヤ腑鍥藉姏_姩鍗忎細(xì)涓轟細(xì)鍛橈紝鍏卞悓寮�灞曞浗闄呮椿鍔ㄣ�傛湵瀛﹁寖绔嬪嵆琛ㄧず嬈㈣繋銆?2鏈?鏃ワ紝涓浗鍔沖姩鍗忎細(xì)鍦ㄩ噸搴?jiǎn)鍙紑絎簩灞婂勾浼?xì)锛屾湵褰撻�変負(fù)鐞嗕簨闀匡紝閫氳繃浜?jiǎn)闄曠敇瀹佽竟鍖烘�誨伐浼?xì)鍔犲叆涓浗鍔冲姩鍗忎細(xì)鐨勫唽櫘�傞檿鐢樺畞杈瑰尯鎬誨伐浼?xì)娲惧粬浼煎厜湄?fù)浠ｈ〃鍑哄腑浜?jiǎn)杩欏眾骞翠細(xì)锛屽粬浼煎厜褰撻�変負(fù)鍔沖崗鐨勫父鍔＄悊浜嬨�備腑鍥藉姵鍔ㄥ崗浼?xì)鎴愪负宸ヤ汉闃毒Uх粺涓�鎴樼嚎鐨勭粍緇囧艦寮忥紝榪欏氨涓轟互鍚庡姵鍗忓悓瑙ｆ斁鍖哄伐浼?xì)鐨剺q涗竴姝ュ悎浣滅壒鍒槸涓哄叡鍚屽弬鍔犲浗闄呮椿鍔ㄦ彁渚涗簡(jiǎn)鍚堟硶鐨勬牴鎹�?
1941騫?0鏈堬紝鏈卞鑼冧綔涓哄姵鏂逛唬琛ㄥ嚭甯湪綰界害鍙紑鐨勫浗闄呭姵宸ョ粍緇囬潪甯鎬細(xì)璁�備粬鍦ㄥぇ浼?xì)涓婄殑鍙懎a�錛屽己璋冧腑鍥界殑鎶楁垬鍦ㄤ笘鐣屽弽娉曡タ鏂垬?shù)簤涓殑閲嶈浣滅敤锛屾暒淇?jī)鍚勫浗鍔犲己鎻村崕鎶楁垬鐨勫姏閲忋�傛湵瀛﹁寖榪樹(shù)婦琛屾嫑寰呬細(xì)錛屽浼犱腑鍥藉伐浜哄拰浜烘皯鐨勮嫳鍕囨姉鎴樼殑浜嬭抗錛屽緱鍒板悇鍥戒唬琛ㄧ壒鍒槸嬈ф床鍚勫浗浠ｈ〃鐨勯噸瑙嗐�?
1944騫?鏈?0鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冨嚭甯湪緹庡浗璐瑰煄鍙紑鐨勭浜屽崄鍏眾鍥介檯鍔沖伐澶т細(xì)銆傚湪榪欐浼?xì)涓婂Q屾湵瀛﹁寖鍦?8紲ㄤ腑浠?7紲ㄥ綋閫変負(fù)姝ｅ紡鐞嗕簨銆?
1945騫?1鏈?鏃ヨ嚦11鏈?5鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冨嚭甯簡(jiǎn)鍦ㄥ反榛庡彫寮�鐨勭浜屽崄涓冨眾鍥介檯鍔沖伐澶т細(xì)銆傝繖鏄浗闄呭姵宸ョ粍緇囧湪絎簩嬈′笘鐣屽ぇ鎴樿儨鍒╃粨鏉熷悗涓捐鐨勭涓�嬈″ぇ浼?xì)銆備腑鍥界殑閭撳彂浣滀負(fù)鍔沖伐浠ｈ〃鐨勯【闂紝涔熷嚭甯簡(jiǎn)榪欐澶т細(xì)錛岃繖鏄В鏀懼尯宸ヤ細(xì)浠ｈ〃絎竴嬈″弬鍔犲浗闄呭姵宸ュぇ浼?xì)銆傛湵瀛﹁寖鍦ㄤ細(xì)涓婄殑鍙戣█錛屽己璋冧簡(jiǎn)榪垏闇�瑕佸埗瀹氬尯鍩熷叕綰︾殑鎰忚銆?
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1945騫?鏈?6鏃ワ紝涓栫晫宸ヤ細(xì)浠ｈ〃浼?xì)璁湪潆u鏁﹀彫寮�錛屾湵瀛﹁寖浠ｈ〃涓浗宸ヤ細(xì)鍑哄腑浜?jiǎn)杩檵啤浼?xì)璁紝騫跺湪浼?xì)涓婂彂琛ㄤ簡(jiǎn)婕旇畬觻備細(xì)璁彂琛ㄧ殑瀹ｈ█錛屽己璋冨緩绔嬫寔涔呭拰騫籌紝寤虹珛姘戜富紺句細(xì)錛屼繚闅滃伐浜虹殑鏉冨埄銆傝繖嬈′細(xì)璁樉紺轟簡(jiǎn)鍥介檯宸ヤ漢鍙嶆硶瑗挎柉緇熶竴鎴樼嚎鐨勫姏閲忕┖鍓嶅．澶с�?
1945騫?鏈?2鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冨湪閲嶅簡(jiǎn)鏀跺埌閭撳彂鐨勭數(shù)鎶ワ紝寰楃煡鍥犲浗姘戝厷褰撳眬鐨勯樆鎸犺В鏀懼尯宸ヤ細(xì)浠ｈ〃鏃犳硶鍙傚姞涓栫晫宸ヤ細(xì)浠ｈ〃浼?xì)璁殑鎯呭嘃c(diǎn)�傛帴鍒扮數(shù)鎶ュ悗錛屾湵瀛﹁寖涓庢槗紺煎涓�璧峰埌鍏礬鍐涢┗閲嶅簡(jiǎn)鍔炰簨澶勪細(xì)瑙佷簡(jiǎn)涓叡浠ｈ〃鐜嬭嫢椋烇紝鍟嗚皥浜?jiǎn)涓浗宸ヤ細(xì)缁劸l囩粺涓�浠ｈ〃鍥㈠嚭甯簬褰撳勾錛欐湀鍦ㄥ反榛庡彫寮�鐨勪笘鐣屽伐浼?xì)澶т細(xì)鐨勯棶棰樺Q屽茍琛ㄦ槑鍔沖崗鐨勬�佸害錛屽悓鎰忚В鏀懼尯宸ヤ細(xì)媧句唬琛ㄥ弬鍔犱腑鍥藉姵鍔ㄥ崗浼?xì)浠ｈ〃鍥㈠Q岃浠栬漿鍛婂懆鎭╂潵銆?
9鏈?鏃ワ紝鍛ㄦ仼鏉ュ拰鐜嬭嫢椋炲簲閭�(gè)鍙傚姞浜?jiǎn)涓浗鍔冲姩鍗忎細(xì)閲嶅簡(jiǎn)宸ヤ汉绀剧殑寮�騫曞吀紺箋�傛湵瀛﹁寖闄粬浠袱浜哄弬瑙備簡(jiǎn)紱忓埄紺俱�佸伐浜哄尰闄紝騫跺洖絳斿拰浠嬬粛浜?jiǎn)鍚剻骞宸ヤ汉绂忓埄浜嬩笟鐨勬儏鍐靛拰宸ヤ恨Z滑鐨勫弽鏄犳剰瑙併�傚懆鎭╂潵鍚屾湵瀛﹁寖璇︾粏鍦板叿浣撳湴璋堜簡(jiǎn)鍏充簬鎶楁棩鎴樹(shù)簤鑳滃埄鍚庝腑鍥藉伐浼?xì)鐨勫洟缁摼l熶竴闂錛屽茍鎻愬嚭浜?jiǎn)鍏蜂綋鐨勬剰瑙併�傛湵瀛﹁寖瀵瑰懆鎭╂潵鎻愬嚭鐨勬剰瑙佽〃紺哄畬鍏ㄥ悓鎰忋�?鏈?鏃ワ紝鍛ㄦ仼鏉ョ粰鍦ㄧ編鍥藉嚭甯仈鍚堝浗澶т細(xì)鐨勮懀蹇呮鍐欎俊閫氭姤浜?jiǎn)浠栦笌鏈卞鑼冧細(xì)璋堢殑鎯呭嘃c(diǎn)�傚綋澶╋紝鍛ㄦ仼鏉ョ粰鏈卞鑼冮�佹潵浜?jiǎn)浜步W斾俊銆傞�氳繃浠ヤ笂浜ゅ線錛屾湵瀛﹁寖娣辨劅涓庤В鏀懼尯宸ヤ細(xì)浠ｈ〃緇勬垚涓浗宸ヤ細(xì)緇熶竴浠ｈ〃鍥㈠嚭甯笘鐣屽伐浼?xì)浠ｈ〃澶т細(xì)锛屾槸涓�浠跺叿鏈夐噸瑕佹剰涔夌殑浜嬫儏銆傛鍚庯紝鍦ㄦ湵瀛﹁寖鐨勫姏浜夊拰鍥介檯鑸嗚鐨勫帇鍔涗笅錛屽浗姘戝厷褰撳眬铏芥瀬鍔涢樆鎸狅紝浣嗕笉寰椾笉鍚屾剰閭撳彂涓�浜哄弬鍔犱腑鍥藉姵鍗忎唬琛ㄥ洟銆傝繖灝辨墦鐮翠簡(jiǎn)鍥芥皯鍏氬綋灞�瀵硅В鏀懼尯宸ヤ細(xì)緇勭粐鐨勫皝閿併�?
姝ゆ椂姝ｅ�奸噸搴?jiǎn)璋堝垽鏈熼椷_(dá)紝鍦ㄩ噸搴?jiǎn)鐨勬瘺娉戒笢鍚屽悇姘戜刚d厷媧懼拰鍚勭晫浜哄＋騫挎硾鎺ヨЕ錛屽浠栦滑榪涜浜?jiǎn)鍥⒕l撲簤鍙栧伐浣溿�?鏈?0鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冨拰鏄撶ぜ瀹瑰彈鍒伴個(gè)璇鳳紝鍒頒笂娓呭浼?xì)瑙佷簡(jiǎn)鏁话宸蹭箙鐨勬瘺娉戒笢銆傛湵瀛﹁寖鍚戞瘺娉戒笢綆�瑕佸湴浠嬬粛浜?jiǎn)鍔冲姩鍗忎細(xì)鐨剫z誨姩鎯呭喌錛岀壒鍒〃杈句簡(jiǎn)鍔沖崗鍚岃В鏀懼尯宸ヤ細(xì)鍚堜綔鍏卞悓寮�灞曞浗闄呮椿鍔ㄥ拰瀹炵幇鍏ㄥ浗宸ヤ細(xì)榪愬姩緇熶竴鐨勬効鏈涖�傛瘺娉戒笢璧炶鍦拌錛氣�滀綘浠殑宸ヤ綔鍋氬緱寰堝ソ錛屾垜鏀寔浣犱滑銆傗�濋�氳繃涓庢瘺娉戒笢鐨勮皥璇濓紝鏈卞鑼冨寮轟簡(jiǎn)浠栦負(fù)浜夊彇鍜屽鉤姘戜富鑰屽姫鍔涘鏂楃殑鍐沖績(jī)鍜屼俊蹇?jī)銆?
鍦ㄦ湵瀛﹁寖鐨勫府鍔╀笅錛岄倱鍙戞垚鍔熷湴鍑哄腑浜?jiǎn)鍦ㄥ悓骞?鏈堣嚦10鏈堥棿宸撮粠鍙紑鐨勪笘鐣屽伐浼?xì)浠ｈ〃澶т細(xì)锛岒q跺湪浼?xì)涓婁唬琛ㄤ腑鍥藉姏_姩鍗忎細(xì)浠ｈ〃鍥㈠彂浜?jiǎn)瑷�銆傚湪榪欐浼?xì)璁笂锛屾湵瀛﹁寖褰撻�変負(fù)涓栫晫宸ヨ仈鍓富甯�佹墽琛屽鍛橈紝閭撳彂褰撻�変負(fù)涓栫晫宸ヨ仈鎵ц濮斿憳?shù)細(xì)鍊欒ˉ濮斿憳銆佺悊浜嬩細(xì)鐞嗕簨錛屽垬瀹佷竴褰撻�変負(fù)涓栫晫宸ヨ仈鍊欒ˉ鐞嗕簨銆傛鍚庯紝鏈卞鑼冨弬鍔犱簡(jiǎn)絎簩鍗佷竷灞婂浗闄呭姵宸ュぇ浼?xì)锛岒q跺府鍔╅倱鍙戜篃鍙傚姞浜?jiǎn)杩檵啤澶т細(xì)銆?
鍙嶅唴鎴樺弽鐙鐨勬皯涓繪枟澹?
1946騫?鏈?6鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冨拰閭撳彂鍥炲埌閲嶅簡(jiǎn)銆傛鏃舵斂娌誨崗鍟嗕細(xì)璁嵆灝嗛棴騫曪紝鍥芥皯鍏氱粺娌誨尯鎺�璧蜂簡(jiǎn)鍙嶅唴鎴樹(shù)簤姘戜富榪愬姩銆傞潰瀵硅繖涓�褰㈠娍錛屾湵瀛﹁寖璁や負(fù)鍔沖崗鏈夊繀瑕佹彁鍑?guó)檱忿q殑鏀挎不涓誨紶銆傜粡涓庢槗紺煎鍟嗛噺鍚庯紝鏈卞鑼冨喅瀹氫互瑙ｆ斁鍖哄伐浼?xì)鐨勫叓椤逛刚d紶涓哄熀紜�錛岃搗鑽変簡(jiǎn)銆婁腑鍥藉姵鍔ㄥ崗浼?xì)浜屽崄涓夋潯鏀挎仓M富寮犮�嬨�傝繖涓枃浠剁殑鍙戣〃錛屽湪鍥藉唴鍔沖伐鐣屽拰姘戜富鍏氭淳涓紩璧蜂簡(jiǎn)寰堝ぇ鐨勫弽鍝嶏紝浣嗛伃鍒板浗姘戝厷鍐呴〗鍥哄垎瀛愮殑璐ｉ毦鍜屾敾鍑匯�?
2鏈?0鏃ワ紝閲嶅簡(jiǎn)鍙戠敓浜?jiǎn)鈥滆緝鍦哄彛浜嬩歡鈥濄�傛湵瀛﹁寖鐩澒浜?jiǎn)鍥芥皯鍏氱壒鍔＄殑鏆磋銆?鏈?1鏃ワ紝浠栧悓鏉庡痙鍏ㄣ�侀槑瀹濊埅鍒頒笂娓呭鍥芥皯鍏氫腑澶厷閮ㄥ悜縐樹(shù)功闀垮惔閾佸煄鎻愬嚭浜?jiǎn)寮虹儓鎶楄銆傝繖鏃訛紝鍥芥皯鍏氬綋灞�鍊掓墦涓�鑰欙紝璇櫡鍔沖崗鏄牬鍧忎細(xì)鍦虹殑鈥滄毚寰掆�濓紝鏈卞鑼冩槸鈥滄墦鎵嬧�濄�傚浗姘戝厷閲嶅簡(jiǎn)鍦版柟娉曢櫌榪樻帶鍛婃潕鍏湸銆佹湵瀛﹁寖絳変漢鈥滃叕鐒惰仛浼楀己鏆磋儊榪壈涔遍泦浼?xì)迤堜激瀹充粬錆h韜綋鈥濄�傛湵瀛﹁寖鍜屽姵鍗忚仒璇峰彶鑹瓑浜轟負(fù)杈╂姢寰嬪笀銆傛硶闄㈠彧寮�搴鐞嗕簡(jiǎn)涓�嬈★紝鏈�鍚庡彧濂戒笉浜?jiǎn)浜?jiǎn)涔嬨�?
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姣涗富甯�佸懆鍓富甯壌錛?
瀛﹁寖宸插拰瀹佷竴鍏勫埌浜?jiǎn)鍝垶當(dāng)婊ㄥQ屽湪宸撮粠鏃訛紝鐪嬪埌姣涗富甯叧浜庛�婄洰鍓嶅艦鍔垮拰鎴戜滑鐨勪換鍔°�嬬殑鎶ュ憡錛岃寖瀹屽叏鍚屾剰騫剁璇氭嫢鎶よ繖涓�褰誨簳綺夌钂嬫斂鏉冿紝椹遍�愮編甯濆浗涓諱箟錛屽疄琛屽湡鍦版敼闈╋紝緇勭粐鐪熸鐨勪漢姘戞皯涓昏仈鍚堟斂搴滐紝瀹屾垚鐙珛姘戜富鍜屽鉤鐨勯潻鍛戒簨涓氱殑鑻辨槑涓誨紶錛屾墍浠ヨ寖鍐沖績(jī)鍒拌В鏀懼尯鍙傚姞榪欎竴鍘嗗彶鐨勬枟浜夈�傝寖娣辯煡榪欎竴琛屽姩錛屼笉鍙槸鎴戜釜浜虹殑闂錛屾洿鐩鎬俊榪樻湁涓嶅皯鐪熸瀛欎腑灞變俊寰掑拰騫垮ぇ鐖卞浗浜哄＋錛岄兘瑕佸悜榪欎竴鏂瑰悜鍓嶈繘錛屽茍鑲╀綔鎴橈紝鍦ㄤ綘浠殑棰嗗涓嬶紝鏂椾簤鍒板簳錛岃幏寰楁渶鍚庤儨鍒┿�傝皚姝ゅ悜浣犱滑鑷撮潻鍛芥暚紺鹼紒
鏈卞鑼?
涓夊崄涓冨勾浜屾湀浜屽崄涔?jié)鏃?
3鏈?鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冮潪甯歌崳騫稿湴鎺ュ埌浜?jiǎn)姣涙辰涓滃拰鍛ㄦ仼鏉ュ鐢?shù)錛?
鏈卞鑼冨厛鐢燂細(xì)
鎺ヤ簩鍗佷節(jié)鏃ョ數(shù)紺猴紝嬈ｆ?zhèn)夊厛鐢熷埌杈惧搱灏旀花锛岒q跺喅蹇?jī)涓庝腑鍥藉呑凂斿厷鍚堜綔锛屼皋Z腑鍥戒漢姘戞皯涓婚潻鍛界殑浼熷ぇ鐨勫叡鍚屼簨涓氳�屽鏂楋紝鏋佷負(fù)浣╂叞銆傛垜浠浜庡厛鐢熺殑榪欎竴琛屽姩錛屼互鍙?qiáng)鍏朵粬鐪熸鐨勪腑灞变俊寰掔殑鍚屾狅L(fēng)殑琛屽姩錛岃〃紺虹儹鐑堢殑嬈㈣繋銆傛鑷?
涓浗浜烘皯姘戜富闈╁懡鐨勬暚紺箋�?
姣涙辰涓溿�佸懆鎭╂潵
涓夋湀鍥涙棩
姣涗富甯�佸懆鍓富甯殑澶嶇數(shù)錛岀粰浜?jiǎn)鏈卞鑼冩瀬澶х殑榧撹垶鍜屽畨鎱般�傝�屼笖浼犲埌棣欐腐鍚庯紝瀵規(guī)皯闈╃殑鍏朵粬鍚屽織浜х敓浜?jiǎn)绉瀬鐨勫奖鍝嶅Q屼嬌浠栦滑灝ゆ劅鎸銆?
姝ゅ悗錛屼負(fù)浜?jiǎn)浜?jiǎn)瑙ｈВ鏀懼尯鐨勬儏鍐碉紝鏈卞鑼冨埌涓滃寳鐨勫啘鏉戙�佸伐鍘傘�佺叅鐭垮弬瑙傚涔?fàn)浜?jiǎn)40澶┿�備笢鍖楄В鏀懼尯鐨勬柊姘旇薄鍜屼漢姘戠兢浼楃殑綺劇闈㈣矊錛屾繁娣卞湴鎰熸煋浜?jiǎn)鏈卞鑼冦�備粬鎰熷埌錛岃В鏀懼尯鐨勫ぉ鐪熸槸鏄庢湕鐨勫ぉ錛岀敓媧誨湪榪欎釜鏂板ぉ鍦伴噷鐨勫伐浜哄啘姘戞槸鐪熸騫哥鑷敱鐨勪漢銆?
1948騫?鏈?0鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冪湅鍒頒簡(jiǎn)涓叡涓ぎ綰康鈥滀簲涓�鈥濆姵鍔ㄨ妭鍙ｅ彿錛岃〃紺哄畬鍏ㄨ禐鍚屻�傜敱浜庝腑鍏變腑澶仛浜?jiǎn)澶ч噺鐨勫伐浣滃Q屽湪棣欐腐鐨勫悇姘戜富鍏氭淳鐨勪唬琛紝璁ㄨ浜?jiǎn)鈥滀簲涓�鍙ｅ彿鈥濓紝涓�鑷磋〃紺哄畬鍏ㄦ嫢鎶ゃ�?
姝ゅ悗錛屾湵瀛﹁寖鍙傚姞浜?jiǎn)绗叚娆″叏鍥藉姏_姩澶т細(xì)鐨勭澶囧伐浣溿�傚悓騫?鏈?鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冨嚭甯簡(jiǎn)鍦ㄥ搱灝?dāng)婊ㄤ妇琛岀殑绗叚娆″叏鍥藉姏_姩澶т細(xì)銆傝繖鏄腑鍥藉伐浜洪樁綰у洟緇撹搗鏉ワ紝榪庢帴鏂版皯涓諱富涔夐潻鍛借儨鍒╃殑澶т細(xì)錛屽叿鏈夐噸瑕佺殑鍘嗗彶鎰忎箟銆傚湪浼?xì)璁湡闂村Q屾湵瀛﹁寖絎竴嬈¤鍒頒簡(jiǎn)涓滃寳瑙ｆ斁鍖虹殑棰嗗浜洪檲浜戝悓蹇椼�傚湪榪欐澶т細(xì)涓婏紝鏈卞鑼冧綔浜?jiǎn)銆婂浗姘戝厷緇熸不鍖鴻亴宸ヨ繍鍔ㄧ殑鎶ュ憡銆嬶紝浠嬬粛浜?jiǎn)鍥芥皯鍏毦l熸不鍖哄伐浜虹兢浼楃殑鏀挎不銆佺粡嫻庣姸鍐靛拰浠栦滑鐩墠鐨勫鏂楃洰鏍囥�傚洜鍒氭敞灝勮繃榧犵柅鐨勯闃查拡鍙戠敓浜?jiǎn)鑽墿鍙嶅簲锛屾湵瀛﹁寖鍦ㄤ綔鎶ュ憡鏃督H佺劧鏅曞�掑湪璁插彴涓娿�傛鍦ㄤ富甯彴涓婄殑闄堜簯鍜屾潕绔嬩笁瑙佹鎯呭喌錛岀珛鍗沖皢鏈卞鑼冮�佸埌閾佽礬鍖婚櫌娌葷枟銆傜浜屽ぉ鍑洪櫌鍚庯紝鏈卞鑼冪戶緇綔鎶ュ憡銆傚湪榪欐澶т細(xì)涓婏紝鏈卞鑼冨綋閫変負(fù)涓崕鍏ㄥ浗鎬誨伐浼?xì)鍓刚d腑銆傚ぇ浼?xì)浠ュ悗锛岄檲浜戜唬琛ㄤ腑鍏变腑澶笌鏈卞鑼冭仈绯诲Q岀粰浜?jiǎn)浠栧緢澶х殑甯姪銆?
澶т細(xì)涔嬪悗錛屾湵瀛﹁寖鍜屽垬瀹佷竴浜?鏈?6鏃ュ叡鍚岀講鍚嶅啓淇＄粰涓栫晫宸ヤ細(xì)鑱斿悎浼?xì)鎬諱功璁拌礬鏄?璧涙壃錛屼粙緇嶄簡(jiǎn)涓崕鎬誨伐浼?xì)鍙?qiáng)鍏墮瀵間漢鐨勬儏鍐碉紝騫惰〃紺衡�滀腑鍥藉皢浠庢涓嶅啀鐢變腑鍥藉姵鍔ㄥ崗浼?xì)锛岃�岀敱涓崕鍏ㄥ浗鎬誨伐浼?xì)鍙傚姞涓栫晫宸ヤ細(xì)鑱斿悎浼?xì)鈥濄�?
1948騫?鏈?9鏃ワ紝絎竴鎵圭敱棣欐腐鍖椾笂鐨勬皯涓誨厷媧句漢澹矆閽у剴銆佽礙騫沖北銆佺珷浼挧銆佽敗寤烽敶鍥涗漢鍒拌揪鍝堝皵婊紝浣忓湪椹拏灝?dāng)瀹鹃銆傚綋澶╋紝鏈卞鑼冧篃寰楀埌閫氱煡錛屼粠鎬誨伐浼?xì)鎷涘緟鎵�鎼埌鏃呴涓庝粬浠洓浜轟綇鍦ㄤ竴璧楓�傛湵瀛﹁寖涓庝粬浠闈紝蹇?jī)鎯呭崄鍒嗛珮鍏村Q屽茍榪涜浜?jiǎn)褰诲闀胯皥銆?0鏈?鏃ワ紝楂樺矖銆佹潕瀵屾槬絳夊甫鐫�涓叡涓ぎ銆婂叧浜庡彫寮�鏂扮殑鏀挎不鍗忓晢浼?xì)璁瘮R棶棰橈紙鑽夋錛夈�嬫潵寰佹眰鏈卞鑼冨拰娌堥挧鍎掔瓑涓冧漢鐨勬剰瑙併�?0鏈?1鏃ワ紝鍦ㄩ┈钂傚皵鏃呴閲屼婦琛屼簡(jiǎn)絎竴嬈♀�滄柊鏀垮崗璇擱棶棰樷�濆駭璋堜細(xì)錛屾湵瀛﹁寖鍙傚姞浜?jiǎn)璁ㄨ銆傞殢鍚庡張涓捐浜?jiǎn)绗簩娆°�佺涓夋搴ц皥浼?xì)銆傛湵瀛﹁寖鍜屽ぇ瀹剁晠鎵�嬈茶█錛屽厖鍒嗗彂琛ㄤ簡(jiǎn)鎰忚銆?
1949騫?鏈?2鏃ワ紝浠庨娓潵鍒版矆闃沖拰浠庡搱灝?dāng)婊ㄦ潵鍒版矆闃崇殑姘戜钢M漢澹?5浜鴻仈鍚嶅彂琛ㄤ簡(jiǎn)銆婃垜浠浜庢椂灞�鐨勬剰瑙併�嬨�傝繖鏄竴涓緢鍘嗗彶鎰忎箟鐨勬枃浠訛紝瀹冭〃紺猴細(xì)鈥滄効鍦ㄤ腑鍏遍瀵間笅錛岀尞鍏剁壞钖勶紝鍏辯瓥榪涜錛屼互鏈熶腑鍥戒漢姘戞皯涓婚潻鍛戒箣榪呴�熸垚鍔燂紝鐙珛銆佽嚜鐢便�佸拰騫熾�佸垢紱忕殑鏂頒腑鍥戒箣鏃╂棩瀹炵幇銆傗�濆悓鏃舵槑紜〃紺哄弽瀵逛腑闂磋礬綰跨殑鎬佸害銆傛湵瀛﹁寖閫氳繃緗插悕錛岃繘涓�姝ヨ〃鏄庝簡(jiǎn)鎺ュ彈涓浗鍏變駭鍏氶瀵肩殑鏀挎不鎬佸害銆?
鍚屽勾2鏈?5鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冪瓑35鍚嶄粠鍥芥皯鍏氱粺娌誨尯鍒拌揪涓滃寳鐨勬皯涓諱漢澹紝鍦ㄦ灄浼笭絳変漢闄悓涓嬶紝浠庢矆闃蟲(chóng)潵鍒板寳騫熾�傞殢鍚庯紝浠栧弬鍔犱簡(jiǎn)鏂版斂鍗忕澶囩殑涓�緋誨垪宸ヤ綔銆?鏈?0鏃ヨ嚦4鏈?0鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冨弬鍔犱簡(jiǎn)鍦ㄥ叚鍥介キ搴椾婦琛屼簡(jiǎn)涓鴻繋鎺ヤ笂嫻瘋В鏀劇殑緇忔祹闂鍑嗗宸ヤ綔搴ц皥浼?xì)锛岒q跺湪搴ц皥浼?xì)浼?xì)涓婂氨鍔寵祫鍏崇郴闂?shù)綔浜?jiǎn)鍙戣█銆?鏈堜笅鏃紝鏈卞鑼冪敱鏉庣珛涓夐櫔鍚岋紝鍦ㄩ娓涓�嬈℃嫓浼?xì)浜?jiǎn)鍒樺皯濂囥�傚垬灝戝鐨勮皥璇濆拰闈╁懡姘旈瓌錛岀粰浜?jiǎn)鏈卞鑼冩繁鍒荤殑鍗拌薄銆?
1949騫?鏈?5鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冨弬鍔犱簡(jiǎn)鏂版斂鍗忕澶囦細(xì)絎竴嬈′細(xì)璁紝騫跺湪浼?xì)涓婅浜?jiǎn)璇濄�備細(xì)鍚庯紝鏈卞鑼冪Н鏋佹姇鍏ュ埌璧瘋崏鍏卞悓綰查灝忕粍鐨勭箒閲嶅伐浣滀腑銆?鏈?7鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冨嚭甯簡(jiǎn)鍦ㄤ腑鍗楁搗鍕ゆ斂孌垮彫寮�鐨勬柊鏀垮崗絳瑰浼?xì)绗竷娆′細(xì)璁�?
鏂頒腑鍥介浠婚偖鐢?shù)閮ㄩ?
1949騫?鏈?1鏃ヨ嚦30鏃ワ紝涓浗浜烘皯鏀挎不鍗忓晢浼?xì)璁W竴灞婂叏浣撲細(xì)璁湪鍖楀鉤涓崡嫻鋒��浠佸爞涓捐銆傚嚭甯細(xì)璁殑鏈?34鍚嶄唬琛紝鏉ュ300浜恒�傛帹閫夋瘺娉戒笢絳?9浜虹粍鎴愪富甯洟銆傛湵瀛﹁寖鏄ぇ浼?xì)鐨勪刚d腑鍥㈡垚鍛樹(shù)箣涓�銆傛瘺娉戒笢鍦ㄤ細(xì)涓婂簞涓ュ鍛婏細(xì)鈥滆浣嶄唬琛ㄥ厛鐢熶滑錛屾垜浠湁涓�涓叡鍚岀殑鎰熻錛岃繖灝辨槸鎴戜滑鐨勫伐浣滃皢鍐欏湪浜虹被鐨勫巻鍙蹭笂錛屽畠?yōu)畣琛ㄦ槑锛?xì)鍗犱漢綾繪�繪暟鍥涘垎涔嬩竴鐨勪腑鍥戒漢浠庢绔欑珛璧鋒潵浜?jiǎn)銆傗�?鏈?5鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冧綔涓轟腑鍗庡叏鍥芥�誨伐浼?xì)鍜屼腑鍥藉伐錆h闃剁駭鐨勪唬琛ㄥ湪浼?xì)涓婁互婵�鍔ㄧ殑蹇?jī)鎯呭彂浜?jiǎn)璦�錛岃〃紺轟簡(jiǎn)浜夊彇闈╁懡鏈�鍚庤儨鍒╁拰寤鴻鏂頒腑鍥界殑淇″績(jī)鍜屽喅蹇?jī)銆傚湪鍙戣█鐨勬渶鍚庯紝浠栨儏緇縺鏄傚湴楂樺懠鈥滀腑鍥戒漢姘戠殑澶у洟緇撲竾宀侊紒鈥濃�滀腑鍗庝漢姘戝叡鍜屽浗涓囧瞾錛佲�?
10鏈?鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冨嚭甯簡(jiǎn)寮�鍥藉ぇ鍏革紝瑙佽瘉浜?jiǎn)杩欎紵澶х殑鍘嗗彶鏃跺垍R�傛柊涓浗鐨勬垚绔嬶紝浣挎湵瀛﹁寖鐨勪漢鐢熷鍚屾暣涓腑鍥界殑鍘嗗彶涓�鏍鳳紝緲誨紑浜?jiǎn)鏂扮殑涓�欏點(diǎn)�?
1949騫?0鏈?9鏃ワ紝涓ぎ浜烘皯鏀垮簻濮斿憳?shù)細(xì)鋴D琛岀涓夋浼?xì)璁Q屼換鍛芥湵瀛﹁寖涓烘斂鍔￠櫌閭數(shù)閮ㄩ儴闀褲�傛湵瀛﹁寖鎴愪負(fù)鏂頒腑鍥界殑絎竴浠婚偖鐢?shù)閮ㄩ曆潃?0鏈?9鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冧富鎸佸彫寮�浜?jiǎn)绗竴嬈￠儴鍔′細(xì)璁紝鎸囧嚭錛氣�滆繃鍘葷殑浜烘皯閭斂銆佺數(shù)淇′笟宸叉湁鍏夎崳鐨勫巻鍙詫紝浼熷ぇ鐨勬垚鍔熴�傞殢鐫�浠婂ぉ浼熷ぇ鐨勫緩璁撅紝涔熷彲浠ラ鐭ワ紝涓�瀹氭湁鐫�浼熷ぇ鐨勫皢鏉ワ紝鎴戜滑鎬庢牱鍘誨垱閫犲皢鏉ワ紝榪欏氨蹇呴』閬電収姣涗富甯殑鎸囩ず錛屼負(fù)浜烘皯鏈嶅姟錛屾妸閭斂鐢?shù)淇℃悶濂姐�傗�?
鏂頒腑鍥芥垚绔嬩箣鍒濓紝鎴戝浗閭數(shù)浜嬩笟鍚屽叾浠栧悇欏逛簨涓氫竴鏍鳳紝涔熸槸闈復(fù)鐧懼簾寰呭叴銆佺櫨绔緟涓劇殑灞�闈��傛垜鍥藉箙鍛樿窘闃旓紝鑰屾棫涓浗鐣欎笅閭數(shù)璁炬柦鍙堟槸鏀鐮寸銆傚綋鏃跺叏鍥戒粎鏈?1涓囬棬甯?jìng)鍐呯數(shù)璇濆Q?5%鐨勫幙鍩庢病鏈夐偖鏀垮眬錛屼篃娌℃湁鐢?shù)淇″眬銆備粠鍖椾含瀵勫埌鎷夎惃鐨勪俊瑕佺粫閬撳嵃搴︽墠鑳介�佸埌銆傚湪榪欐牱钖勫急鐨勫熀紜�涓婏紝閭數(shù)閮ㄩ棬鍙戞壃鑷姏鏇寸敓銆佽壈鑻﹀鏂楃殑綺劇錛屼緷闈犲悇綰у厷濮斿拰鏀垮簻鐨勯瀵間笌鏀寔錛屽厖鍒嗗彂鎸ラ偖鐢?shù)閮ㄩ棬鍜岒q垮ぇ鑱屽伐鐨勭Н鏋佹�э紝緇忚繃涓夊勾鎭㈠錛屽垵姝ュ艦鎴愪簡(jiǎn)娌熼�氬叏鍥戒富瑕佸煄甯?jìng)閫氫俊緋葷粺錛屽熀鏈繚璇佷簡(jiǎn)閫氫俊闇�瑕併�傛湵瀛﹁寖鍦ㄥ垱寤烘柊涓浗閭數(shù)浜嬩笟鐨勬暣涓繃紼嬩腑錛屽仛鍑轟簡(jiǎn)閲嶈璐＄尞銆?
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鏈卞鑼冪Н鏋佹敮鎸侀偖鐢?shù)宸ヤ細(xì)鐨勫缓绔嬨�?949騫達(dá)紝鍏ㄥ浗閭斂鎬誨伐浼?xì)绛瑰濮斿憳?shù)細(xì)鎴愮珛錛岀敱鏈卞鑼冦�佹潕鏅煩銆侀【閿＄珷銆佺帇甯岃搐銆侀檰璞¤搐銆佸畫(huà)鍑ょゥ銆佹垚瀹夌帀絳変負(fù)絳瑰浼?xì)甯稿锛岀敱鏈卞鑼冧负绛瑰浼?xì)涓諱換錛屾潕鏅煩涓哄壇涓諱換銆傚湪浠栦滑鐨勪富鎸佷笅錛岀濮斾細(xì)鍋氫簡(jiǎn)澶ч噺鐨勫伐浣滐紝緇勭粐鍚勫湴閭數(shù)宸ヤ漢鍦ㄦ仮澶嶉偖鏀褲�佹敮鎻村墠綰褲�佹叞鍔沖啗闃熴�佺簿綆�鑺傜害鍜岃喘涔板叕鍊虹瓑媧誨姩涓紝浠ヤ富浜虹縼鐨勫Э鎬侊紝鍙戞尌浜?jiǎn)甯﹀ご楠q蹭綔鐢ㄣ�?950騫?鏈?7鏃ワ紝涓浗閭數(shù)宸ヤ細(xì)絎竴嬈″叏鍥戒唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)鍦ㄥ寳浜彫寮�錛屾湵瀛﹁寖鍙戣〃浜?jiǎn)璁茶瘽锛岄槓鏄庝簡(jiǎn)鍏ㄥ浗閭數(shù)宸ヤ汉鐨勫巻鍙蹭娇鍛藉拰褰撳墠鐨勪徽d姟錛屽彈鍒頒簡(jiǎn)澶т細(xì)鍏ㄤ綋浠ｈ〃鐨勭儹鐑堟嫢鎶ゃ�?鏈?7鏃ワ紝澶т細(xì)閫変婦鎴愮珛浜?jiǎn)涓浗閭數(shù)宸ヤ細(xì)鍏ㄥ浗濮斿憳?shù)細(xì)銆傚垬瀵呭綋閫変負(fù)涓誨腑錛屾潕鏅煩銆侀檰璞¤搐銆佸緪嬈ｅ綋閫変負(fù)鍓富甯紝鏈卞鑼冨綋閫変負(fù)鍏ㄥ浗濮斿憳?shù)細(xì)濮斿憳銆備粠姝わ紝閭數(shù)閮ㄥ拰鍏ㄥ浗閭數(shù)宸ヤ細(xì)鍏ㄥ浗濮斿憳?shù)細(xì)瀵嗗垏閰嶅悎锛岀涙�簰鏀寔錛屼負(fù)寤鴻鍜屽彂灞曟柊涓浗浜烘皯閭數(shù)浜嬩笟鑰屽叡鍚屽姫鍔涖�?
1950騫?鏈堬紝涓崕鍏ㄥ浗鎬誨伐浼?xì)鍐冲畾锛寢z懼嚭鐢辨湵瀛﹁寖浠誨洟闀跨殑浠ｈ〃鍥紝鍑哄腑閭數(shù)宸ヤ細(xì)鍥介檯琛屾斂濮斿憳?shù)細(xì)璁�佸痙鎰忓織姘戜富鍏卞拰鍥介偖鐢?shù)宸ヤ細(xì)鍏ㄥ浗浠ｈ〃澶т細(xì)浠ュ強(qiáng)鑷敱瀵d鍥藉伐浼?xì)鑱斿悎浼?xì)鐨勭涓夊眾浠ｈ〃澶т細(xì)銆?鏈?4鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冧竴琛岀寮�鍖椾含鍚▼錛屼簬錛樻湀鍒濇姷杈懼竷鎷夋牸銆?
錛樻湀錛楁棩鑷籌紮鏃ワ紝涓栫晫宸ヨ仈浜т笟閮ㄩ偖鐢?shù)宸ヤ細(xì)鍥介檯琛屾斂浼?xì)璁湪榪欓噷鍙紑銆傚弬鍔犺繖嬈′細(xì)璁殑鏈夎嫃鑱斻�佷腑鍥姐�佹硶鍥姐�佹剰澶у埄銆佹嵎鍏嬨�佸痙鍥姐�佹嘗鍏般�佺綏椹凹浜氥�佸寛鐗欏埄銆佽嵎鍏般�佸ゥ鍦板埄銆佺憺澹瓑13涓浗瀹剁殑閭數(shù)宸ヤ細(xì)浠ｈ〃鍙傚姞銆傝繖嬈′細(xì)璁墍璁ㄨ鐨勪富瑕侀棶棰橈紝灝辨槸濡備綍鍔犲己閭數(shù)宸ヤ漢涓轟繚鍗笘鐣屽拰騫寵�屾枟浜夌殑闂銆傛湵瀛﹁寖鍦ㄤ細(xì)涓婅〃紺猴細(xì)鈥滀負(fù)淇濆崼涓栫晫鍜屽鉤鐨勬枟浜夛紝鍜屼笘鐣岄偖鐢?shù)宸ヤ汉鐨勫埄鐩婃槸鍒嗕笉寮�鐨勩�備繚鍗笘鐣屽拰騫崇殑鏂椾簤錛屽簲璇ユ槸鎴戜滑閭數(shù)宸ヤ漢鏈�楂樼殑浠誨姟銆傛鍥犱負(fù)濡傛錛屾垜浠偖鐢?shù)宸ヤ綔鑰咃紝瑕佸湪鏁翠釜涓栫晫鐨勭┖闂村拰鍦扮悆鐨勬瘡涓�涓钀斤紝浼犳挱鐫�涓轟繚鍗笘鐣屽拰騫寵�屾枟浜夌殑澹伴煶鍜屾秷鎭紝鏅亶鑰屾湁鍔涘湴榧撹垶鐫�鍕囨暍鐨勬儏緇紝鎻牬緹庡笣鍥戒富涔夋棤鑰葷殑閫犺埃鍜屼鏡鐣ョ殑閲庡績(jī)鍜岄槾璋嬶紝浣夸笘鐣屼竴鍒囩埍濂藉拰騫崇殑浜轟滑鍙傚姞鍒板拰騫蟲(chóng)皯涓婚樀钀ヨ繖杈規(guī)潵錛屽ぇ澶у湴澧炲己浜?jiǎn)涓栫晫鍜岒q蟲(chóng)皯涓誨姏閲忋�傗�濇湵瀛﹁寖榪樺氨濡備綍鍔犲己涓栫晫鍚勫浗閭數(shù)宸ヤ漢鐨勫洟緇撳拰鍙嬭皧銆佹帹鍔ㄤ笘鐣屽拰騫蟲(chóng)皯涓誨姏閲忕殑鍙戝睍鍚戝ぇ浼?xì)鎻愬囖Z簡(jiǎn)鍏蜂綋寤鴻銆?
8鏈?6鏃ヨ嚦18鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冨拰浠ｈ〃鍥㈠叾浠栨垚鍛樹(shù)互鏉ュ韜喚璧翠笢寰峰搱鑾卞弬鍔犲痙鎰忓織姘戜富鍏卞拰鍥介偖鐢?shù)宸ヤ細(xì)浠ｈ〃澶т細(xì)銆傚湪浼?xì)璁殑寮�騫曞紡涓婏紝鏈卞鑼冨悜澶т細(xì)鑷磋緸璇達(dá)細(xì)鈥滄垜浠腑鍥介偖鐢?shù)宸ヤ汉鍜岃嚜鐢卞痉鍥界殑閭數(shù)宸ヤ汉鍏勫紵浠Q岃櫧鐒跺垎澶勫湪嬈т簹澶ч檰鐨勪袱绔紝浣嗘槸鏃╁凡浣跨敤鎴戜滑鑷繁鐨勫伐鍏封�斺�斺�旂數(shù)璁紝浣夸腑寰蜂袱鍥戒漢姘戝緩绔嬩簡(jiǎn)鑱旂郴錛屾洿鍔犲琺鍥轟簡(jiǎn)浼熷ぇ鐨勫痙鍥戒漢姘戝拰涓浗浜烘皯浜插瘑鐨勫弸璋婏紝鎴戜滑娣變俊榪欑鍙嬭皧錛屽浜庡叏涓栫晫鍜屽鉤浜嬩笟錛屽叿鏈夋繁鍒葷殑鍘嗗彶鎰忎箟銆?
鈥?
錛樻湀30鏃ヨ嚦9鏈?鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冧竴琛屾潵鍒版煆鏋楀弬鍔犵涓夊眾鑷敱寰峰浗宸ヤ細(xì)鑱斿悎浼?xì)浠ｈ〃澶т細(xì)銆傚嚭甯繖嬈″ぇ浼?xì)鍚勫浗浠ｈ〃鍏辫鏈?201浜恒�備腑鍥戒唬琛ㄥ洟涓嶈繙鍗冮噷鑰屾潵鍙傚姞榪欐澶т細(xì)錛屾爣蹇楃潃涓痙涓ゅ浗宸ヤ漢闃剁駭涔嬮棿鐨勫弸濂藉洟緇撱�傛湵瀛﹁寖鍚戝ぇ浼?xì)鑷磋緸璇村Q氣�滀腑鍥戒漢姘戠殑鑳滃埄錛屽甯冧簡(jiǎn)緹庡笣鎴樹(shù)簤璐╁瓙鍦ㄤ簹媧茬殑澶辮觸銆傚痙鍥戒漢姘戠殑鑳滃埄錛屽甯冧簡(jiǎn)緹庡笣鎴樹(shù)簤璐╁瓙鍦ㄦ媧茬殑澶辮觸銆備紵澶х殑寰峰浗浜烘皯鍦ㄦ媧茬殑鑳滃埄鍜?7500涓囦腑鍥戒漢姘戝湪浜氭床鐨勮儨鍒╋紝宸茶凍浠ヨ瘉鏄庡弽浜烘皯銆佸弽鍜屽鉤鐨勭編甯濇垬?shù)簤璐╁瓙宸插堫C簡(jiǎn)絀烽�旀湯鏃ャ�?
鈥?
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鏈卞鑼冨緇堝叧娉ㄧ潃鎴戝浗鐨勯偖鐢?shù)浜嬩笟銆?984騫?鏈堬紝鏈卞鑼冨簲涓婃搗甯?jìng)甯?jìng)闀挎豹閬撴兜鐨勯個(gè)璇鳳紝鍒頒笂嫻鋒寚瀵奸偖鐢?shù)閫氫俊鏀歸潻錛屽埗璁㈤偖鐢?shù)鍙戝睍瑙勫垝銆備粬鍦ㄤ笂嫻蜂笁涓槦鏈燂紝鍙紑浜?嬈¤皟鏌ヤ細(xì)錛岄個(gè)璇峰伐紼嬫妧鏈笓瀹跺拰綆＄悊騫查儴鍏卞悓鍟嗚錛屾嫙鍑轟簡(jiǎn)涓�涓�婂叧浜庡姞寮轟笂嫻烽偖鐢?shù)閫氫俊寤鴻錛岀紦鍜岄�氫俊绱у紶鐨勬眹鎶ユ彁綰層�嬨�傝繖涓彁綰叉彁鍑轟簡(jiǎn)涓�涓噸瑕佽鐐癸紝鍗抽偖鐢?shù)寰忚浜嬩笟鐨勫彂灞曚笉浠呭簲涓庡浗姘懢l忔祹鐨勫彂灞曚繚鎸佸悓姝ワ紝鑰屼笖瑕佷簤鍙栭�傚害瓚呭墠銆傚悓騫?鏈堬紝涓叡涓婃搗甯?jìng)濮斿彫寮�甯稿浼?xì)璁Q岃璁轟簡(jiǎn)鏈卞鑼冩彁鍑虹殑瑙勫垝寤鴻錛屾垚绔嬩竴涓敱閭數(shù)閮ㄥ拰涓婃搗甯?jìng)鑱斿悎缁勬垚鐨勫崗璋冩満鏋勫嵆鈥滀笂嫻峰競(jìng)閫氫俊寤鴻棰嗗灝忕粍鈥濇潵淇濋殰榪欎竴瑙勫垝鐨勫疄鏂姐�傝繖涓�鎺柦寰楀埌浜?jiǎn)鍥藉姟闄㈢殑鍚屾剰銆?984騫?2鏈堬紝姹亾娑典富鎸佸彫寮�浜?jiǎn)棰嗗灏従l勭涓�嬈′細(xì)璁紝鏈卞鑼冪壒鍦頒粠鍖椾含鍒頒笂嫻峰嚭甯細(xì)璁�?
鏈卞鑼冧負(fù)浜?jiǎn)淇?jī)榪涙垜鍥芥部嫻峰煄甯?jìng)閫氫俊鐨勬敼闈╋紝浠ュ彜紼�涔嬪勾榪樺厛鍚庡簲閭�(gè)鍒板寳浜�佸ぉ媧ャ�佸箍宸炪�佺宸炲拰鐑熷彴絳夊紑鏀懼煄甯?jìng)锛岃皟鏌ラ偖鐢?shù)閫氫俊鐨勭揣寮犵姸鍐碉紝涓庡湴鏂規(guī)斂搴滈瀵煎拰閭數(shù)騫查儴鑱屽伐鐮旂┒鍔犲揩鏀歸潻姝ヤ紣錛屽疄鐜伴�氫俊鐜頒唬鍖栫殑鎺柦銆?985騫?鏈?鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冪粰褰撴椂鐨勫叏鍥戒漢澶у父濮斾細(xì)濮斿憳闀垮江鐪熷啓浜?jiǎn)涓�灝佷俊錛屽弽鏄犱簡(jiǎn)鑷繁瀵瑰彂灞曟垜鍥介偖鐢?shù)閫氫俊浜嬩笟鐨勮鎯熾�傚湪淇′腑錛屼粬鎬葷粨浜?jiǎn)涓妺箺鱻佺儫鍙扮瓑鍦板彲渚涘�熼壌鐨勭粡楠岋細(xì)涓�銆佷緷闈犲浗瀹剁粰浜堢殑鏀跨瓥錛屽厖鍒嗚皟鍔ㄥ悇鏂歸潰鐨勭Н鏋佹�с�備簩銆佷緷闈犳妧鏈繘姝ワ紝鐢ㄥ厛榪涙妧鏈敼閫犻�氫俊緗戙�備笁銆侀壌浜庣洰鍓嶅煄甯?jìng)閫氫俊鐨勭揣寮犵姸鍐碉紝鑰岄�氫俊緗戠殑寤鴻鍛ㄦ湡杈冮暱錛岄渶瑕侀噰鍙栬嫢騫插簲鎬ユ帾鏂姐�傚洓銆佹垜鍥藉箙鍛樿窘闃旓紝搴曞瓙杈冭杽錛屽彂灞曢�氫俊浜嬩笟涓�瀹氳鏈夐噸鐐瑰湴榪涜錛屼笉鑳藉鉤鍧囦嬌鐢ㄥ姏閲忥紝鏇村垏蹇屼竴鍝勮�岃搗銆傝繖灝佷俊寮曡搗浜?jiǎn)褰湡鍜屽叏鍥戒汉澶у父濮斾細(xì)鐨勯珮搴﹂噸瑙嗐�傚悓騫達(dá)紬鏈堬紮鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冨張鍦ㄥ浗瀹跺彫寮�鐨勫煄甯?jìng)鍩杭媭璁炬柦緇忔祹闂璁ㄨ浼?xì)涓婁綔浜?jiǎn)棰樹(shù)負(fù)銆婅閲嶈閭數(shù)鐨勫熀紜�璁炬柦銆嬬殑鍙戣█錛屽己璋冧簡(jiǎn)鍔犲己閭數(shù)閫氫俊鍩虹璁炬柦寤鴻鐨勯噸瑕佹�с�?
鏈卞鑼冨父璇達(dá)細(xì)鈥滀綔涓轟竴涓�侀偖宸ュ拰棣栦換閭數(shù)閮ㄩ暱錛屾垜鐨勫績(jī)濮嬬粓鏄拰閭數(shù)浜嬩笟榪炲湪涓�璧風(fēng)殑銆傗�?985騫?2鏈堬紝80宀侀珮榫勭殑鏈卞鑼冨張涓嶈緸杈涘姵錛屽鍖椾含銆佷笂嫻楓�佸ぉ媧ャ�佺煶瀹跺簞絳夊煄甯?jìng)鐨勯偖鐢?shù)浜嬩笟鍐嶆榪涜浜?jiǎn)涓撻棬鐨勮皟鐮斿Q屽茍緇欏浗鍔￠櫌棰嗗鍚屽織鍐欎簡(jiǎn)鎶ュ憡錛屽氨褰撳墠閭斂宸ヤ綔鎻愬嚭浜?jiǎn)鎰忚鍜屽圾櫘�傚浗鍔￠櫌棰嗗瀵規(guī)鍗佸垎閲嶈錛屽茍浣滀簡(jiǎn)鎵圭ず銆?
涓烘帹鍔ㄩ偖鏀跨鐞嗗拰閭歡澶勭悊鐨勭幇浠ｅ寲錛屼互鎻愰珮鎴戝浗閭斂閫氫俊鐨勫垎鎷ｃ�佷紶閫掗�熷害鍜屽噯紜巼錛屾湵瀛﹁寖緇忚繃浠旂粏鐨勮皟鏌ョ爺絀訛紝鎻愬嚭鍦ㄦ垜鍥介渶瑕侀�愭鎺ㄨ閭斂緙栫爜鍒跺害銆傝繖涓�鍒跺害濡備粖宸插眳鍏ㄥ浗鎺ㄨ錛屽畠浣挎垜鍥界殑閫氫俊浜嬩笟鍦ㄧ幇浠ｅ寲鐨勯亾璺笂榪堝嚭浜?jiǎn)鍗佸垎閲嶈鐨勪竴姝ャ�?
1985騫?鏈堬紝鏈卞鑼冨湪闀垮瓙鏈卞煿鏍瑰簲閭�(gè)璁塊棶鍙版咕鍚庯紝浠栧湪娣卞湷鎺ヨ浜?jiǎn)鍙版咕Teisel鍏徃鎬昏姣涙笣鍗楀厛鐢燂紝騫跺晢瀹氾紝璇ュ叕鍙鎬負(fù)騫夸笢銆佷笂嫻楓�佺寤虹瓑鍗佸嚑涓煄甯?jìng)鐢熶骇S-1240鍨嬬▼鎺ф暟瀛楃數(shù)璇濇満鐨勮蔣紜歡銆傜粡涓ぎ瀵瑰彴棰嗗灝忕粍緇勯暱鏉ㄥ皻鏄嗙殑鎵瑰噯鍜岄偖鐢?shù)閮ㄧ殑鏀寔锛屽墠鍚庡紩杩涗环鍊鹼紬浜跨編鍏冪殑閫氫俊璁懼錛屼嬌澶ч檰娌挎搗鍩庡競(jìng)鐨勯�氫俊璁懼鏈変簡(jiǎn)涓�嬈¤川鐨勯璺冦�?
1988騫?鏈堬紝鏈卞鑼冨簲銆婄粡嫻庡弬鑰冦�嬫潅蹇楃殑閭�(gè)璇鳳紝鎾板啓浜?jiǎn)銆婂ぇ瀹墮兘鏉ュ叧蹇?jī)閭斂锛屽姙濂介偖鏀裤�嬬殑鏂囩珷錛屽啀嬈″懠鍚佸姞蹇彂灞曢偖鐢?shù)浜嬩笟銆?989騫?1鏈堬紝鏈卞鑼冨湪浜�佹觸銆佹勃絎笁嬈°�佸崕涓滃湴鍖虹涓�嬈￠偖鐢電粡嫻庡鏈氦嫻佷細(xì)涓婂彂浜?jiǎn)瑷�銆備粬鎸囧嚭錛氬湪閭數(shù)鏀歸潻鐨勪笅涓�姝ワ紝甯屾湜娉ㄦ剰涓�涓棶棰橈紝灝辨槸鎶婂紩榪涙柊鎶�鏈拰鎴戜滑鑷繁鎺屾彙鏂版妧鏈�佺幇浠ｉ�氫俊璁懼鐨勫浗浜у寲緇撳悎璧鋒潵銆?
1994騫?鏈堬紝鏈卞鑼冨湪鐥呬腑錛屼粛蹇靛康涓嶅繕鎴戝浗鐨勯偖鐢?shù)浜嬩笟銆備粬閫氳繃鏈卞煿鏍圭涓夋璁塊棶鍙版咕錛岃仈緇滃埌鍙版咕緇熶竴闆嗗洟鎬昏楂樿鎰垮厛鐢燂紝淇?jī)鎴愯鍏徃鍒凹湒鍥藉ぇ闄嗕负瀹炵幇閫氫俊鐨勭幇浠ｅ寲鑰屾姇璧?0浜跨編鍏冦�傛湵瀛﹁寖瀵規(guī)垜鍥界殑閭數(shù)閫氫俊浜嬩笟鐨勫彂灞曞拰鐜頒唬鍖栧彲璋撴槸鍛曞績(jī)娌ヨ錛屽仛鍑轟簡(jiǎn)閲嶅ぇ璐＄尞銆?
鏅氬勾鐨勬湵瀛﹁寖瀵圭鍥界殑緇熶竴浜嬩笟瀵勪簣鑾ぇ鐨勫笇鏈涖�?989騫?鏈?鏃ユ槸鍏ㄥ浗浜哄ぇ甯稿浼?xì)鍙戣〃銆婂憡鍙版咕鍚岃優(yōu)涔︺�嬪崄鍛ㄥ勾鐨勬棩瀛愩�傛湵瀛﹁寖鍦ㄧ邯蹇靛駭璋堜細(xì)涓婂彂璦�錛屽笇鏈涘彴婀懼綋灞�浠ユ皯鏃忓埄鐩婁負(fù)閲嶏紝鎺ュ彈涓叡鐨勫緩璁紝鍦ㄦ病鏈変換浣曞厛鍐蟲(chóng)潯浠剁殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝鍙屾柟灝芥棭榪涜璋堝垽銆傚悓騫?鏈?6鏃ヤ笂鍗堬紝鏈卞鑼冨湪姘戦潻涓ぎ鈥滃彴婀懼巺鈥濅細(xì)瑙佷簡(jiǎn)鈥滀腑鍥界粺涓�鑱旂洘鈥濈涓�鍓富甯阿瀛﹁搐涓�琛屻�備粬寤鴻寮�灞曞厷媧句箣闂寸殑鎺ヨЕ錛屽弻鏂瑰鍋氬疄浜嬶紝浠庝績(jī)榪涒�滀笁閫氣�濆拰鍔犲己縐戞妧銆佹枃鍖栥�佽錘鏄撶瓑鏂歸潰鐨勪氦嫻佺潃鎵嬶紝榪涗竴姝ュ彂灞曟搗宄′袱宀哥殑鍏崇郴銆?
1990騫?鏈?鏃ワ紝鏈卞鑼冨湪銆婅В鏀炬棩鎶ャ�嬪彂琛ㄤ簡(jiǎn)銆婃効鏈夌敓涔嬪勾錛岃紲栧浗緇熶竴銆嬬殑鏂囩珷銆備粬鍦ㄦ枃绔犱腑璇噸蹇?jī)闀垮湴璇村Q氣�滃湪鍙版咕鐨勫浗姘戝厷鍐咃紝鏈夋垜浠殑璁稿鑰佹湅鍙嬶紝鏈夌殑鏇劇粡鍚屽爞浜茶亞榪囧瓩涓北鍏堢敓鐨勮皢璋嗘暀璇詫紝鏈夌殑鍦ㄤ笢寰併�佸寳浼愮殑閲嶄換涓叡榪囨?zhèn)ｉ毦锛屾湁鐨勫湪鎶楁棩鐨勬垬鍦轰笂鍚寴q囩敓姝伙紝鏈夌殑鏄騫村叡浜嬬殑鏁呬氦銆傝繃鍘伙紝鎴戜滑铏芥浘涓�搴﹀垎閬撴壃闀籌紝浠婂悗浠嶄笉闅懼湪瀹屾垚緇熶竴鐨勫叡鍚岀洰鏍囦笅鎻℃墜璦�嬈��傝皧灞炲悓鏍癸紝鍙嬫儏闅懼繕錛屾垜浠湡寰呯潃榪欎竴澶╂棭鏃ュ埌鏉ャ�?
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鍏蟲(chóng)敞榫欐睙姘戦潻