褰撳湴鏃墮棿7鏈?鏃ヤ笅鍗堬紝鍩冨強(qiáng)鎬葷粺絀嗗皵瑗跨獊鐒惰鍩冨強(qiáng)鍐涙柟緗㈠厤銆傚湪鍏惰璧朵笅鍙頒竴澶╁悗錛屽焹鍙?qiáng)鍐涙柟寮�濮嬪浠栨墍鍦ㄧ殑絀嗘柉鏋楀厔寮熶細(xì)鐨勯瀵煎眰閲囧彇琛屽姩銆傜洰鍓嶏紝絀嗗皵瑗垮凡琚嫎紱侊紝絀嗘柉鏋楀厔寮熶細(xì)鐨勫叾浠栭珮綰т漢鐗╀篃琚姄,鍐涙柟榪樺湪瀵繪壘鏁扮櫨鍚嶈緇勭粐鐨勬垚鍛樸�?
鍘嗗彶鍏呮弧浜?jiǎn)杞洖銆?012騫?鏈?4鏃ワ紝闅忕潃鍩冨強(qiáng)鏈�楂樻�葷粺閫変婦濮斿憳?shù)細(xì)涓诲腑鑻彏當(dāng)鍧﹀甯冨Q岀﹩鏂灄鍏勫紵浼?xì)鍊欓�変漢絀嗗皵瑗挎垚鍔熻耽寰楁�葷粺閫変婦鍐寵儨杞紝鎴愪負(fù)鍓嶆�葷粺絀嗗反鎷夊厠涓嬪彴鍚庣殑棣栦換鍩冨強(qiáng)鎬葷粺錛屽鐏懼闅劇殑絀嗘柉鏋楀厔寮熶細(xì)榪欎竴娣辮�曚腑涓滃湴鍖?0澶氬勾鐨勬斂娌誨洟浣撶粓浜庣珯鍒頒簡(jiǎn)鏀挎不欏跺嘲銆傝�屽浠婏紝絀嗗厔浼?xì)鍙堣鎵撳埌璋峰簳銆?
1906騫達(dá)紝絀嗘柉鏋楀厔寮熶細(xì)鐨勫垱濮嬩漢鍝堟路鐝撼鍑虹敓浜庡焹鍙?qiáng)灏季|楁渤涓夎媧插竷嫻鋒媺鐪佺殑涓�涓皬鏉戝簞銆?919騫寸殑鍩冨強(qiáng)鍙嶈嫳璧蜂箟澶辮觸鐨勭幇瀹烇紝鍦ㄥ綋鏃跺皬瀛﹁繕娌℃瘯涓氱殑鍝堟路鐝撼蹇?jī)涓暀涓嬩簡(jiǎn)闃村奖锛尶U嶄笅浜?jiǎn)浠囨仺娈栨皯鑰呯殑縐嶅瓙銆?
1936騫達(dá)紝鍝堟路鐝撼涓轟簡(jiǎn)鍙嶅鑻卞浗孌栨皯緇熸不錛屽湪鍏舵敮鎸佽�呯殑鎷ユ姢涓嬫垚绔嬩簡(jiǎn)絀嗘柉鏋楀厔寮熶細(xì)銆備互姝や負(fù)浠ｈ〃錛岀﹩鏂灄鍏勫紵浼?xì)鎴愪给櫩戜唬浼婃柉鍏颁笘鐣屾渶鏃╃殑鏀挎不鍥綋銆?
1939騫村湪絀嗘柉鏋楀厔寮熶細(xì)澶т細(xì)涓婇�氳繃浜?jiǎn)鐝U蟲(chóng)彁鍑虹殑浠ャ�婂彜鍏扮粡銆嬩負(fù)鍩虹錛屾仮澶嶄紛鏂叞鍘熸棬鏁欎箟錛屽疄琛屼紛鏂叞鏁欐硶錛屽緩绔嬩紛鏂叞鍥藉鐨勫熀鏈斂娌葷翰棰嗐�備粠姝わ紝絀嗘柉鏋楀厔寮熶細(xì)涓庣幇瀹炴斂娌葷殑鍏崇郴鎰堝彂绱у瘑錛屽茍寮�濮嬭緇冭嚜宸辯殑鍐涗簨浜哄憳銆?948騫達(dá)紝絎竴嬈′腑涓滄垬?shù)簤鐖嗗彂锛岀彮绾尘l勬垚鍏勫紵浼?xì)鐨勫織鎰垮啗鎶曞叆浜?jiǎn)榪欏満鎴樹(shù)簤錛屽悗鍥犳垬?shù)簤澶辫触锛屽焹鍙?qiáng)鍥藉唴鍔ㄤ貢錛屾斂搴滃甯冭В鏁ｅ厔寮熶細(xì)緇勭粐銆傜敱姝わ紝絀嗘柉鏋楀厔寮熶細(xì)鍜屽焹鍙?qiáng)鏀垮簻涔嬮棿鐨勫叧绯诲彉寰楀绔嬨�傚悓騫?2鏈堬紝鍏勫紵浼?xì)鍐涗簨鈥滅瀵嗘満鏋勨�濇垚鍛樻殫鏉�浜?jiǎn)鏀垮簻鍐呴榿棣栫浉璇哄厠鎷夊笇銆?949騫?鏈堬紝鍝堟路鐝撼涓庡叾鍏勫紵鍦ㄨ澶寸瓑寰呭嚭縐熻濺鏃惰褰撳眬鎯呮姤鏈烘瀯鏆楁潃銆?
緇у搱妗懧風(fēng)彮綰充箣鍚庯紝璧涗箟寰仿峰彜鐗瑰崪鎴愪負(fù)浜?jiǎn)绌嗘柉鏋楀厔寮熶細(xì)鐨劸_劇棰嗚銆?0涓栫邯40騫翠唬鏈紝浠栨浘鎬�鐫�瀵硅タ鏂規(guī)枃瀛︾殑宕囨嫓涔嬫儏璧寸編鍥介�楃暀浜?jiǎn)涓をq存椂闂淬�傚彲鏄紝浠栫湅鍒扮殑鍗存槸閬撳痙鍫曡惤銆佺墿嬈叉í嫻併�佺鏃忓亸瑙佸拰鎬ф斁綰點(diǎn)�傜敱姝わ紝浠栨垚涓轟簡(jiǎn)瑗挎柟鏂囧寲鐨勬縺鐑堟壒璇勮�呫�?951騫達(dá)紝浠栧洖鍒板焹鍙?qiáng)锛屾垚湄?fù)絀嗘柉鏋楀厔寮熶細(xì)鐨勯琚栦漢鐗╋紝騫跺緢蹇笌闀囧帇璇ヨ繍鍔ㄧ殑綰寵禌灝?dāng)鍙戠敓鍐步H併�?
1954騫達(dá)紝浠栧彈鍒板弬涓庡埡鏉�綰寵禌灝?dāng)鏈亗琛屽姩鐨勬寚鎺уQ屽湪涓�鎵�闆嗕腑钀ラ噷搴﹁繃浜?0騫存椂鍏夛紝鍏墮棿閫愭笎褰㈡垚浜?jiǎn)涓�濂楅潻鍛界悊璁猴紝涓嶄粎鍙嶅瑗挎柟錛屼篃鍙嶅絀嗘柉鏋楃ぞ浼?xì)鍚勫浗鏀垮簻涓幗C句細(xì)銆備粬鎶婄﹩鏂灄紺句細(xì)鍒嗘垚鎴劧涓嶅悓銆佺浉浜掑绔嬬殑涓や釜闃佃惀錛氭垨灞炰簬鐪熶富涓�鏂癸紝鎴栧睘浜庢拻鏃︿竴鏂癸紝緇濆涓嶅瓨鍦ㄧ湡絀哄湴甯︺�備粬鍧氭寔璁や負(fù)錛岀敱浜庨潪浼婃柉鍏版斂鏉冨叿鏈夋畫(huà)鏆寸壒鎬э紝灝濊瘯鍒╃敤鏃㈡湁鏀挎不浣撳埗浠庡唴閮ㄦ敼閫犲畠浠繀鐒舵槸寰掑姵鏃犵泭銆傚洜姝わ紝寤虹珛浼婃柉鍏版柊縐╁簭鐨勫敮涓�閫斿緞灝辨槸鈥滄澃鍝堝痙鈥濓紙鈥滃湥鎴樷�濅箣鎰忥級(jí)銆?
1965騫達(dá)紝鐢變簬絀嗘柉鏋楀厔寮熶細(xì)琚寚鎺у啀嬈″浘璋嬪埡鏉�綰寵禌灝?dāng)锛屽彜鐗瑰崪琚鍐炽�備綔涓轟負(fù)浜嬩笟鑰岀壓鐗茬殑鐑堝＋錛屼粬琚叏涓栫晫鍚勭﹩鏂灄鏋佺榪愬姩灝婂涓洪暱鑰併�?
闅忓悗錛屽彟涓�浣嶅焹鍙?qiáng)瀛﹁�呭ゥ椹皵路闃垮崪鏉溌鋒媺璧浖涔熷湪浼婃柉鍏板娍鍔涗腑褰卞搷鏃ュ銆備粬浠庝竴涓竻鐪熷杈楄漿鍒板彟涓�涓竻鐪熷錛屾墍鍒頒箣澶勶紝鎱鋒叏嬋�鏄傚湴鍙戣〃婕旇錛岃緇忓竷閬擄紝鍚矙灝勫獎(jiǎng)鏀誨嚮綰寵禌灝?dāng)湄?fù)寮傛暀寰掋�佷負(fù)鍙涙暀鑰呫�?970騫達(dá)紝鏈粡鍙告硶紼嬪簭錛屼粬琚叧鎶間簡(jiǎn)8涓湀銆?
鍚屽勾10鏈?5鏃ワ紝钀ㄨ揪鐗規(guī)帴鏇垮幓涓栫殑綰寵禌灝?dāng)鎴愪负鍩冨強(qiáng)鎬葷粺銆傝搗鍒濓紝浠栨瀬鍔涗笌浼婃柉鍏板洟浣撶粨濂斤紝浜夊彇浠栦滑鐨勬敮鎸侊紝騫跺厑璁哥﹩鏂灄鍏勫紵浼?xì)鍏紑媧誨姩銆?973騫達(dá)紝濂ラ┈灝?dāng)路闃垮崪鏉溌锋媺璧浖鍙楄仒鎷呬徽d焹鍙?qiáng)闃挎柉灏ょ壒澶у绁炲鏁欐巿锛屽ぇ鍔涗紶鎾禌涔夊痉路鍙ょ壒鍗滅殑瀛﹁_(dá)紝紿佸嚭寮鴻皟蹇呴』榪涜鈥滃湥鎴樷�濓紝璧惰蛋寮傛暀寰掋�傚緢蹇紝浠栧湪澶у璧㈠緱浜?jiǎn)涓�鎵規(guī)儏緇縺鏄傜殑榪介殢鑰咃紝鑴遍鑰屽嚭鎴愪負(fù)浜?jiǎn)绮炯湠棰嗚锛屾寚瀵煎缓绔嬩竴涓紛鏂叞鍏卞拰鍥藉湴涓嬮潻鍛界粍緇囩綉緇滐紝鍏朵腑鍖呮嫭鈥滆淳椹樋鈥斺�斾紛鏂叞綾充簹鈥濓紙鎰忎負(fù)鈥滀紛鏂叞緇勭粐鈥濓級(jí)銆佲�滄澃鐜涢樋鐗光�斺�旀澃鍝堝痙鈥濓紙鎰忎負(fù)鈥滃湥鎴樼粍緇団�濓級(jí)銆?
闅忕潃1978-1979騫村焹鍙?qiáng)鎬葷粺钀ㄨ揪鐗逛笌浠ヨ壊鍒楄揪鎴愬拰騫蟲(chóng)潯綰︼紝钀ㄨ揪鐗硅瘯鍥句笌浼婃柉鍏板娍鍔涘拰瑙ｇ殑鍔姏澶辮觸浜?jiǎn)銆傚焹鍙?qiáng)鍏ㄥ浗涓婁笅鐖嗗彂浜?jiǎn)鎶楄紺哄▉錛岀ず濞佺兢浼楁姩鍑昏繖浠芥潯綰︿負(fù)鈥滃紓鏁欏緬鈥濈殑鑳屽彌琛屽緞銆傛暟鍛ㄤ箣鍚庯紝鍦?981騫?0鏈?鏃ヨ繖澶╀婦琛岀殑闃呭叺寮忎笂錛岃惃杈劇壒琚�滄澃鐜涢樋鐗光�斺�旀澃鍝堝痙鈥濇垚鍛樺埡鏉�銆?
钀ㄨ揪鐗圭殑鎺ョ彮浜烘槸鏇句換鍩冨強(qiáng)絀哄啗鍙鎬護(hù)鐨勮儭鏂凹路絀嗗反鎷夊厠錛屼笂浠諱紛濮嬶紝浠栧氨瀹炴柦浜?jiǎn)绱ф�ョ姸鎬佹硶錛屾棤鎯呭湴鏂借孌嬮叿闀囧帇銆?
絀嗗反鎷夊厠鐨勯晣鍘嬫斂絳栨槑鏄懼鏁堬紝鍏鋒湁鏆村姏鍊懼悜鐨勪紛鏂叞鍙嶅媧懼娍鍔涘穿婧冪摝瑙ｃ�傗�滆淳椹樋鈥斺�斾紛鏂叞綾充簹鈥濄�佲�滄澃鐜涢樋鐗光�斺�旀澃鍝堝痙鈥濅袱涓粍緇囧潎鏀懼純浜?jiǎn)鏂椾簤銆備絾鏄紝浼婃柉鍏頒富涔夌儹娼粛鍦ㄧ戶緇崌娓┿�?
鐢變簬琚姝㈢粍緇囪嚜宸辯殑鏀垮厷錛屽湪1987騫村焹鍙?qiáng)澶ч�変腑錛岀﹩鏂灄鍏勫紵浼?xì)涓庝笘淇楁斂鍏毦l撴垚鑱旂洘錛屼互鑾峰緱鏀挎不涓婄殑鍙戣█鏉冦�傛墦鐫�鈥滆В鍐蟲(chóng)柟娉曞湪涓庝紛鏂叞鈥濈殑鍙ｅ彿錛屽湪榪欐閫変婦涓紝絀嗘柉鏋楀厔寮熶細(xì)鍦ㄥ伐鍏氱殑鏃楀笢涓嬬珯紼充簡(jiǎn)鑴氳窡錛岃幏寰椾簡(jiǎn)17%鐨勯�夌エ銆備絾絀嗗反鎷夊厠璁ゅ畾絀嗘柉鏋楀厔寮熶細(xì)灞炰簬浼婃柉鍏版晫瀵圭牬鍧忓娍鍔涳紝鍐沖畾鍒╃敤鏂伴甯冪殑鈥滃弽鎭愭�栤�濇硶錛屽叧鎶艱緇勭粐棰嗗鎴愬憳銆傚悓鏍鳳紝鍦?000騫村ぇ閫変箣鍓嶏紝鏀垮簻鍙堥�崟浜?jiǎn)鏁板崄鍚嵔I嗘柉鏋楀厔寮熶細(xì)鎴愬憳鍙?qiáng)鍏朵粬浼婃柉鍏板垎瀛愬Q屼互闃繪浠栦滑鍙傞�夛紝鎴栫粍緇囩珵閫夋椿鍔ㄣ�?
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